{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054749328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","title":"Analysis of Caries Experience Taking Inter-observer Bias and Variability into Account","display_name":"Analysis of Caries Experience Taking Inter-observer Bias and Variability into Account","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054749328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","mag":"2054749328","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15557404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/154405910408301212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62865007","display_name":"Journal of Dental Research","issn_l":"0022-0345","issn":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Dental Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081909054","display_name":"E. Lesaffre","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Lesaffre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010701609","display_name":"Samuel Musili Mwalili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.M. Mwalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076120999","display_name":"Dominique Declerck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-0675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-0675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Declerck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistical Centre and School of Dentistry, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72338885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"12","first_page":"951","last_page":"955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries-experience","display_name":"caries experience","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interobserver-variability","display_name":"interobserver variability","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-approach","display_name":"Bayesian approach","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health-screening","display_name":"oral health screening","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-gradient","display_name":"geographic gradient","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776802314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147","display_name":"Flemish","level":2,"score":0.7658708095550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6639503240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Oral health","level":2,"score":0.5042315721511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.48975419998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.47950059175491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.455412894487381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4368249773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4350167214870453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.4129025340080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3963143229484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33603501319885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.26954108476638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22259020805358887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2210099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001530","descriptor_name":"Belgium","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003731","descriptor_name":"Dental Caries","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004245","descriptor_name":"DMF Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016013","descriptor_name":"Likelihood Functions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/154405910408301212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62865007","display_name":"Journal of Dental Research","issn_l":"0022-0345","issn":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Dental Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15557404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15557404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of dental research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/4549","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/4549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308398","display_name":"American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqtg495"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4040704","https://openalex.org/W204851361","https://openalex.org/W625387107","https://openalex.org/W1500217743","https://openalex.org/W1968317029","https://openalex.org/W1983897914","https://openalex.org/W2002374079","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2076061140","https://openalex.org/W2076983043","https://openalex.org/W2149569695","https://openalex.org/W2157296836","https://openalex.org/W2321049301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088948738","https://openalex.org/W2068616816","https://openalex.org/W7058298816","https://openalex.org/W2048575206","https://openalex.org/W4415045974","https://openalex.org/W4362514426","https://openalex.org/W4377008158","https://openalex.org/W2108294874","https://openalex.org/W2102709672","https://openalex.org/W3145609445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,37],"larger":[1],"oral":[2,71],"health":[3,72,124],"surveys,":[4],"clinical":[5],"measurements":[6],"are":[7,46],"often":[8],"obtained":[9,32,68],"using":[10],"several":[11],"examiners.":[12],"This":[13],"raises":[14],"the":[15,23,38,41,59,88,103],"issue":[16],"of":[17,43,102],"inter-observer":[18],"variability":[19,99],"in":[20,33,69,75,100],"measurement.":[21],"Often,":[22],"problem":[24],"is":[25,56,120],"dealt":[26],"with":[27],"by":[28,98],"reporting":[29],"kappa":[30],"values":[31],"a":[34,53],"calibration":[35],"exercise.":[36],"present":[39],"study,":[40],"limitations":[42],"this":[44],"statistic":[45],"presented,":[47],"and":[48,119],"an":[49,70,112],"alternative,":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"Bayesian":[54],"approach,":[55],"proposed.":[57],"When":[58],"alternative":[60],"approach":[61],"was":[62,93],"applied":[63],"to":[64,95,114,122],"caries":[65],"experience":[66],"data":[67],"screening":[73],"survey":[74],"seven-year-old":[76],"Flemish":[77],"children":[78],"(Signal":[79],"Tandmobiel":[80],"study),":[81],"it":[82],"could":[83],"be":[84],"ruled":[85],"out":[86],"that":[87],"observed":[89],"geographic":[90],"East-West":[91],"gradient":[92],"due":[94],"bias":[96],"induced":[97],"scoring":[101],"different":[104],"dental":[105],"examiners":[106],"involved.":[107],"The":[108],"proposed":[109],"method":[110],"offers":[111],"opportunity":[113],"refine":[115],"existing":[116],"analytical":[117],"approaches":[118],"relevant":[121],"any":[123],"outcome":[125],"study.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
