{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054615783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","title":"The effect of papaverine on morphologic differentiation, proliferation and invasive potential of human prostatic cancer LNCaP cells","display_name":"The effect of papaverine on morphologic differentiation, proliferation and invasive potential of human prostatic cancer LNCaP cells","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054615783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","mag":"2054615783","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10404308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134892809","display_name":"International Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0919-8172","issn":["0919-8172","1442-2042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111591536","display_name":"Toshitaka Goto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toshitaka Goto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Japan. gotout-e@ebara-hp.ota.tokyo.jp","Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Japan. gotout-e@ebara-hp.ota.tokyo.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059892943","display_name":"Hisashi Matsushima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-8008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-8008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisashi Matsushima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105778594","display_name":"Yutaka Kasuya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaka Kasuya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059333576","display_name":"Yoshio Hosaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshio Hosaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033194585","display_name":"Tadaichi Kitamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-4069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-4069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadaichi Kitamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104046332","display_name":"Kazuki Kawabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Kawabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111765146","display_name":"Akino Hida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akino Hida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582707","display_name":"Yasuyuki Ohta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuyuki Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113586945","display_name":"Takahisa Shimizu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahisa Simizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055554576","display_name":"Ken Takeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-5575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-5575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Takeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111591536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55925939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"314","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12434","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase function and regulation","score":0.7271000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12434","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase function and regulation","score":0.7271000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10543","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10678","display_name":"Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papaverine","display_name":"papaverine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphodiesterase-inhibitors","display_name":"phosphodiesterase inhibitors","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"prostate cancer","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lncap-cells","display_name":"LNCaP cells","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-proliferation","display_name":"cell proliferation","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-invasion","display_name":"tumor invasion","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camp","display_name":"cyclic AMP","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine","display_name":"3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theophylline","display_name":"theophylline","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pc-3-cells","display_name":"PC-3 cells","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/du145-cells","display_name":"DU145 cells","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779723316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6459234","display_name":"LNCaP","level":4,"score":0.8793727159500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776438761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5206280","display_name":"DU145","level":5,"score":0.8562800884246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.5125417709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.5123544931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.49829840660095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781298581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223093","display_name":"IBMX","level":4,"score":0.45705413818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776952824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410374","display_name":"Papaverine","level":2,"score":0.4383552372455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4264349639415741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62826618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424304","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase","level":3,"score":0.42292213439941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4191175699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4151046872138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4098891317844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3900045156478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33452892303466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412747","display_name":"Forskolin","level":3,"score":0.24092701077461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.17648425698280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14632591605186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0798616111278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000242","descriptor_name":"Cyclic AMP","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007424","descriptor_name":"Intracellular Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009361","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Invasiveness","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010208","descriptor_name":"Papaverine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010726","descriptor_name":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014407","descriptor_name":"Tumor Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015056","descriptor_name":"1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015194","descriptor_name":"Diffusion Chambers, Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048429","descriptor_name":"Cell Size","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00069.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134892809","display_name":"International Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0919-8172","issn":["0919-8172","1442-2042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10404308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10404308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505374702","https://openalex.org/W1962723822","https://openalex.org/W1986527803","https://openalex.org/W2011468292","https://openalex.org/W2013216313","https://openalex.org/W2019932147","https://openalex.org/W2021488229","https://openalex.org/W2025324981","https://openalex.org/W2054045654","https://openalex.org/W2055317620","https://openalex.org/W2098882558","https://openalex.org/W2107016942","https://openalex.org/W2108955823","https://openalex.org/W2109428080","https://openalex.org/W2109472064","https://openalex.org/W2120427107","https://openalex.org/W2131092430","https://openalex.org/W2164998638","https://openalex.org/W2171125719","https://openalex.org/W2222836159","https://openalex.org/W2256311673","https://openalex.org/W2421330132","https://openalex.org/W3021645154","https://openalex.org/W6808140221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417715407","https://openalex.org/W2082293129","https://openalex.org/W2098882558","https://openalex.org/W2374363131","https://openalex.org/W1964492032","https://openalex.org/W46223354","https://openalex.org/W2319092487","https://openalex.org/W2040918231","https://openalex.org/W3149721656","https://openalex.org/W2183538747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Intracellular":[1,122],"cyclic":[2,32,54,123,135,184,240],"adenosine":[3],"monophosphate":[4],"(AMP)":[5],"level":[6],"changes":[7,110],"are":[8],"thought":[9],"to":[10],"play":[11],"an":[12,238],"important":[13],"role":[14,52],"in":[15,22,38,49,56,126,187,207,231],"inhibiting":[16],"cell":[17,87,155],"proliferation":[18,71,145,210],"and":[19,72,91,146,157,180,195,211],"inducing":[20],"differentiation":[21,37,58,230],"several":[23],"types":[24],"of":[25,53,59,65,75,97,111,141,149,177,214],"cells.":[26,42,61,189],"It":[27],"has":[28],"been":[29],"reported":[30],"that":[31,226],"AMP":[33,55,124,136,185],"analogs":[34],"induce":[35],"terminal":[36,229],"human":[39,76,84],"prostate":[40,77,85],"cancer":[41,78,86],"Consequently,":[43],"phosphodiesterase":[44,66,99,116,200],"inhibitors":[45,67,117],"may":[46],"be":[47],"useful":[48],"delineating":[50],"the":[51,57,63,98,144,158,165,173],"these":[60,112],"Therefore,":[62],"effect":[64,140],"on":[68,143],"morphologic":[69,178],"differentiation,":[70],"invasive":[73,147,212],"potential":[74,148,213],"cells":[79,113,128,151,197,216],"was":[80],"investigated.":[81],"METHODS:":[82],"Three":[83],"lines":[88],"PC-3,":[89],"DU145":[90,196],"LNCaP":[92,127,150,188,192,215,232],"were":[93,118,129,152,217],"treated":[94,198],"with":[95,199,237],"one":[96],"inhibitors,":[100,201],"papaverine,":[101,203],"3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine":[102],"(IBMX)":[103],"or":[104],"theophylline,":[105],"for":[106],"6":[107],"days.":[108],"Morphologic":[109],"induced":[114],"by":[115,120,131,154,220],"observed":[119],"microscopy.":[121],"levels":[125,186],"measured":[130,153],"radioimmunoassay":[132],"using":[133],"a":[134],"assay":[137],"kit.":[138],"The":[139,223],"papaverine":[142,169,227],"counting":[156],"Matrigel":[159],"invasion":[160],"chamber":[161],"assay.":[162],"RESULTS:":[163],"Of":[164],"three":[166],"agents,":[167],"examined":[168],"(10(-5)":[170],"mol/L)":[171],"is":[172,235],"most":[174],"effective":[175],"inducer":[176],"change":[179,206],"also":[181],"raised":[182],"intracellular":[183,239],"However,":[190],"unlike":[191],"cells,":[193,233],"PC-3":[194],"including":[202],"showed":[204],"little":[205],"morphology.":[208],"Additionally,":[209],"significantly":[218],"inhibited":[219],"papaverine.":[221],"CONCLUSION:":[222],"results":[224],"suggest":[225],"induces":[228],"which":[234],"correlated":[236],"AMP-mediated":[241],"pathway.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
