{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054580353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","title":"L'Europe \u00e0 g\u00e9om\u00e9trie variable : une analyse \u00e9conomique","display_name":"L'Europe \u00e0 g\u00e9om\u00e9trie variable : une analyse \u00e9conomique","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054580353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","mag":"2054580353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3406/polit.1995.4422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176888","display_name":"Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re","issn_l":"0032-342X","issn":["0032-342X","1958-8992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311197","host_organization_name":"French Institute of International Relations","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311197"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["French Institute of International Relations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/1995/wp1995-04.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112355339","display_name":"Jean Pisani\u2010Ferry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean Pisani-Ferry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112355339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.6796,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99385471,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"447","last_page":"465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14166","display_name":"European Monetary and Fiscal Policies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-geometry","display_name":"variable geometry","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-integration","display_name":"European integration","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiated-integration","display_name":"differentiated integration","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-union","display_name":"monetary union","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-market","display_name":"internal market","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customs-union","display_name":"customs union","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-and-eastern-european-countries","display_name":"Central and Eastern European countries","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-disparities","display_name":"structural disparities","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-core","display_name":"hard core","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opt-in-and-opt-out","display_name":"opt-in and opt-out","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.8290135860443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3874243497848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3772159814834595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3406/polit.1995.4422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/polit.1995.4422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176888","display_name":"Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re","issn_l":"0032-342X","issn":["0032-342X","1958-8992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311197","host_organization_name":"French Institute of International Relations","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311197"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["French Institute of International Relations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cii:cepidt:1995-04","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/1995/wp1995-04.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/1995/wp1995-04.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2054580353","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cii:cepidt:1995-04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:336109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=336109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Art\u00edculos y Cap\u00edtulos"},{"id":"pmh:oai:persee:article/polit_0032-342x_1995_num_60_2_4422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1995_num_60_2_4422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923040","display_name":"Pers\u00e9e","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405254588","host_organization_name":"Pers\u00e9e","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254588"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cii:cepidt:1995-04","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/1995/wp1995-04.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/1995/wp1995-04.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054580353.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054580353.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332613198","https://openalex.org/W4408889586","https://openalex.org/W3175355845","https://openalex.org/W365769343","https://openalex.org/W160783634","https://openalex.org/W7029761838","https://openalex.org/W27639797","https://openalex.org/W358813809","https://openalex.org/W2964714144","https://openalex.org/W4390375558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"Economie":[1],"Analysis":[2],"of":[3,6,14,37,43,64,67,73,110,121,125,133,169,180,193],"a":[4,19,35,71,78,81,85,122,130,184,194],"Europe":[5,13,72],"Variable":[7],"Geometry,":[8],"by":[9,46,99],"Jean":[10],"Pisani-Ferry":[11],"A":[12,62],"variable":[15,74,111,159],"geometry":[16,112,160],"is":[17,27,59,188],"already":[18],"legal,":[20],"political":[21],"and":[22,84],"monetary":[23,86,170],"reality,":[24],"while":[25,135],"it":[26,144],"admitted":[28],"that":[29,93,190],"Monetary":[30],"Union":[31,44,182],"will":[32,49],"only":[33],"cover":[34],"subset":[36],"European":[38],"countries":[39,201],"initially.":[40],"The":[41,117,147],"perspective":[42],"membership":[45],"the":[47,94,108,136,142,167,172,176,181,191],"CEECs":[48],"also":[50],"require":[51],"differentiated":[52,185],"integration.":[53,165],"But,":[54],"integration":[55,68,126],"\u00e0":[56],"la":[57],"carte":[58],"not":[60,102],"feasible.":[61],"number":[63],"different":[65],"levels":[66],"could":[69],"constante":[70],"geometry,":[75],"namely":[76],":":[77],"customs":[79],"union,":[80,171],"single":[82],"market":[83],"union.":[87],"It":[88,187],"may":[89,101,145,161],"thus":[90],"be":[91,104,162,203],"concluded":[92],"varions":[95],"policies":[96],"brought":[97],"together":[98],"history":[100],"necessarily":[103,128],"logically":[105],"associated.":[106],"Yet,":[107],"dynamics":[109],"raise":[113],"very":[114],"complex":[115],"problems.":[116],"possibilities":[118],"for":[119],"opting-out":[120],"particular":[123],"level":[124],"would":[127,197],"become":[129],"constituent":[131],"principle":[132],"integration,":[134],"opting-in":[137],"should":[138],"entail":[139],"conditionality,":[140],"given":[141],"problems":[143,151],"cause.":[146],"solution":[148],"to":[149,164,202],"such":[150],"lies":[152],"in":[153],"fixing":[154],"objective":[155],"entry":[156],"criteria.":[157],"Overall,":[158],"conducive":[163],"In":[166],"case":[168],"structural":[173],"disparities":[174],"between":[175],"15":[177],"Member":[178],"States":[179],"justify":[183],"approach.":[186],"likely":[189],"constitution":[192],"hard":[195],"core":[196],"lead":[198],"many":[199],"other":[200],"drawn":[204],"into":[205],"this":[206],"core.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}