{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054440444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","title":"ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: Taking the Measure of Lean: Efficiency and Effectiveness","display_name":"ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: Taking the Measure of Lean: Efficiency and Effectiveness","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054440444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","mag":"2054440444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/inte.1100.0512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140455145","display_name":"INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics","issn_l":"0092-2102","issn":["0092-2102","1526-551X","2644-0865","2644-0873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089939971","display_name":"Richard J. Schonberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-3480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-3480"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Schonberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schonberger and Associates, Bellevue, Washington 98004","Schonberger and Associates, Bellevue, Washington 98004#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schonberger and Associates, Bellevue, Washington 98004","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schonberger and Associates, Bellevue, Washington 98004#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089939971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84514362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"182","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13886","display_name":"Operations Management Techniques","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"lean manufacturing","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycle-time-reduction","display_name":"cycle time reduction","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waiting-time","display_name":"waiting time","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-trade","display_name":"retail trade","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wholesale-trade","display_name":"wholesale trade","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-sector","display_name":"service sector","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-improvement","display_name":"quality improvement","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaizen","display_name":"Kaizen","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.7612007856369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6586121916770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82740854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509472","display_name":"Lean project management","level":3,"score":0.581528902053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5327560901641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5137990117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.501347541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.49111077189445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59406087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937944","display_name":"Human performance technology","level":4,"score":0.45030224323272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169257142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509462","display_name":"Lean laboratory","level":5,"score":0.4317924380302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42842721939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42093873023986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3244011402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2546025216579437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24245885014533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18270334601402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17129728198051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.11192002892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07876864075660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/inte.1100.0512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1100.0512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140455145","display_name":"INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics","issn_l":"0092-2102","issn":["0092-2102","1526-551X","2644-0865","2644-0873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W255257939","https://openalex.org/W1521885776","https://openalex.org/W1530355154","https://openalex.org/W1561082337","https://openalex.org/W2031151166","https://openalex.org/W2103015895","https://openalex.org/W2106466848","https://openalex.org/W2506838090","https://openalex.org/W2769248301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021943595","https://openalex.org/W41454133","https://openalex.org/W4206979331","https://openalex.org/W2018882134","https://openalex.org/W2080134701","https://openalex.org/W1569227895","https://openalex.org/W2945598375","https://openalex.org/W2914379553","https://openalex.org/W2606454647","https://openalex.org/W1253375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Part":[0,163,209],"I:":[1],"As":[2],"a":[3,82,133,140],"long-time":[4],"(29":[5],"years":[6],"and":[7,10,22,68,74,103,114,124,138,195,202,236,238,243],"counting)":[8],"researcher":[9],"writer":[11],"about":[12,220],"lean,":[13],"I":[14,33,92,109,167,172],"gave":[15],"no":[16],"thought":[17],"to":[18,27,98,101,153,241],"addressing":[19],"lean":[20,31,42,71,122,125,136,144,161,231],"efficiency":[21,123],"effectiveness":[23],"until":[24],"data":[25,250],"began":[26],"show":[28,151],"trouble":[29],"in":[30,55,70,119,186,206,233],"land.":[32],"saw":[34],"that":[35,65,174],"big,":[36],"\u201cbest-managed\u201d":[37],"companies":[38,150],"had":[39],"mixed,":[40],"long-term":[41],"results,":[43],"most":[44],"of":[45,53,116,121,143,160,168,188,222,230,246],"which":[46],"were":[47],"not":[48],"good.":[49],"The":[50],"main":[51],"measure":[52,64],"merit":[54],"my":[56,252,258],"\u201cleanness\u201d":[57],"research":[58],"is":[59,66,75],"the":[60,79,95,111,207,226],"common":[61],"one,":[62],"inventory\u2014a":[63],"visible":[67],"countable":[69],"action":[72],"zones":[73],"readily":[76],"available":[77],"up":[78],"hierarchy":[80],"as":[81,132,139,156,181],"standard,":[83],"audited":[84],"metric":[85,97,118],"for":[86,257],"publicly":[87],"traded":[88],"companies.":[89],"Despite":[90],"that,":[91],"have":[93],"found":[94],"inventory":[96,129,152,223],"be":[99,154,179],"subject":[100],"misunderstanding":[102],"misuse.":[104],"In":[105,165],"this":[106,117,169],"two-part":[107,170],"paper,":[108,171],"address":[110],"merits,":[112],"uses,":[113],"abuses":[115],"terms":[120],"effectiveness.":[126,162],"With":[127],"exceptions,":[128],"works":[130],"well":[131],"dominant,":[134],"gratifying":[135],"result":[137],"low-level":[141],"indicator":[142],"efficiency.":[145],"However,":[146],"examples":[147],"from":[148,251],"five":[149],"equivocal":[155],"an":[157],"upper-management-level":[158],"marker":[159],"II:":[164],"part":[166],"stated":[173],"lean's":[175,215,239],"dominant":[176],"purpose":[177],"should":[178],"seen":[180],"cycle-time":[182],"(wait-time)":[183],"reduction,":[184],"which\u2014counted":[185],"units":[187],"inventory,":[189],"its":[190],"close":[191],"relative\u2014is":[192],"visually":[193],"prominent":[194],"easily":[196],"measured":[197],"at":[198,225],"low":[199],"(efficiency)":[200],"levels":[201,205],"high":[203],"(effectiveness)":[204],"hierarchy.":[208],"II":[210],"continues":[211],"with":[212],"observations":[213],"on":[214],"strategic":[216],"value;":[217],"additional":[218],"cautions":[219],"uses":[221],"trends":[224],"executive":[227],"level;":[228],"examination":[229],"metrics":[232],"retailing,":[234],"wholesaling,":[235],"services;":[237],"relationship":[240],"quality":[242],"other":[244],"elements":[245],"continuous-process":[247],"improvement.":[248],"More":[249],"\u201cleanness":[253],"studies\u201d":[254],"offer":[255],"support":[256],"observations.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
