{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054372568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","title":"Propagation of uncertainties in measurements using generalized inference","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainties in measurements using generalized inference","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054372568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","mag":"2054372568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036870260","display_name":"C M Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030054051","display_name":"Hari K Iyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-5540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-5540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari K Iyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5077,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97287421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"measurement uncertainty","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guide-to-the-expression-of-uncertainty-in-measurement","display_name":"Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-model","display_name":"measurement model","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"uncertainty analysis","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158946198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131187","display_name":"Taylor series","level":2,"score":0.8359643220901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.67429518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6700246930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5685503482818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.537161111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5315793752670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5045508146286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45833924412727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37908250093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37761351466178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1381373107433319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13357272744178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13353630900382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054372568.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054372568.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996399172","https://openalex.org/W1999816741","https://openalex.org/W2041321322","https://openalex.org/W2061974965","https://openalex.org/W2069870615","https://openalex.org/W2150721697","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W2403035479","https://openalex.org/W2563485765","https://openalex.org/W2626116100","https://openalex.org/W2795715192","https://openalex.org/W2801840425","https://openalex.org/W4235503503","https://openalex.org/W4235618618","https://openalex.org/W4292093645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977950164","https://openalex.org/W2352367270","https://openalex.org/W4240294951","https://openalex.org/W1984162351","https://openalex.org/W1993368316","https://openalex.org/W2132753893","https://openalex.org/W2825931287","https://openalex.org/W2089853328","https://openalex.org/W2049259534","https://openalex.org/W4312227387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,67],"ISO":[1],"Guide":[2],"to":[3,73,93],"the":[4,12,29,38,42,62,91,95,98,102],"Expression":[5],"of":[6,14,31,64,79,97,104],"Uncertainty":[7],"in":[8,106],"Measurement":[9],"(GUM)":[10],"recommends":[11],"use":[13,30,87],"a":[15,83],"first-order":[16],"Taylor":[17,43],"series":[18],"expansion":[19,44],"for":[20,40,56,101],"propagating":[21],"errors":[22],"and":[23,82],"uncertainties.":[24],"GUM":[26,92],"also":[27],"endorses":[28],"'other":[32],"analytical":[33],"or":[34],"numerical":[35],"methods'":[36],"when":[37],"conditions":[39],"using":[41],"do":[45],"not":[46],"apply.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"an":[53],"alternative":[54],"approach":[55,69,100],"evaluating":[57],"measurement":[58,74,107],"uncertainty":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"principle":[63],"generalized":[65],"inference.":[66],"proposed":[68,99],"can":[70],"be":[71],"applied":[72],"models":[75],"having":[76],"any":[77],"number":[78],"input":[80],"quantities":[81],"vector-valued":[84],"measurand.":[85],"We":[86],"several":[88],"examples":[89],"from":[90],"illustrate":[94],"implementation":[96],"calculation":[103],"uncertainties":[105],"results.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}