{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054052005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","title":"Rwandan Genocide and the International Law of Radio Jamming","display_name":"Rwandan Genocide and the International Law of Radio Jamming","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054052005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","mag":"2054052005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2998097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160097506","display_name":"American Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0002-9300","issn":["0002-9300","2161-7953"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060658077","display_name":"Jamie Frederic Metzl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Frederic Metzl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060658077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96678222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"4","first_page":"628","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rwandan-genocide","display_name":"Rwandan genocide","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-jamming","display_name":"radio jamming","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-broadcasting","display_name":"radio broadcasting","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-free-europe","display_name":"Radio Free Europe","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vatican-radio","display_name":"Vatican Radio","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-propaganda","display_name":"wartime propaganda","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780617971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160232","display_name":"Hatred","level":3,"score":0.844740629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204342414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397","display_name":"Genocide","level":2,"score":0.7555423974990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6130232214927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135121143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182034","display_name":"Hegemony","level":3,"score":0.5878876447677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.414359986782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3852633237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3614521622657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32478436827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2998097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2998097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160097506","display_name":"American Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0002-9300","issn":["0002-9300","2161-7953"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585666464","https://openalex.org/W613311348","https://openalex.org/W838664849","https://openalex.org/W947331492","https://openalex.org/W1483899908","https://openalex.org/W1589646973","https://openalex.org/W1590153679","https://openalex.org/W1600287818","https://openalex.org/W1966470566","https://openalex.org/W2000136699","https://openalex.org/W2020415128","https://openalex.org/W2061842957","https://openalex.org/W2075864924","https://openalex.org/W2092500015","https://openalex.org/W2270903579","https://openalex.org/W2321009527","https://openalex.org/W2539921458","https://openalex.org/W2606579519","https://openalex.org/W2607438036","https://openalex.org/W2771892871","https://openalex.org/W2788619695","https://openalex.org/W2796131978","https://openalex.org/W2798254551","https://openalex.org/W2799721050","https://openalex.org/W2800836772","https://openalex.org/W2904180763","https://openalex.org/W3179639823","https://openalex.org/W4242327358","https://openalex.org/W4254210778","https://openalex.org/W4256530312","https://openalex.org/W4389012664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W50835872","https://openalex.org/W7220338748","https://openalex.org/W2460919403","https://openalex.org/W2487480493","https://openalex.org/W4400691455","https://openalex.org/W4395961555","https://openalex.org/W14081901","https://openalex.org/W2247517780","https://openalex.org/W2261782775","https://openalex.org/W2317986573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"its":[1],"first":[2],"transatlantic":[3],"use":[4],"in":[5,24,61],"1901,":[6],"the":[7,62],"radio":[8],"has":[9,37,46],"proven":[10],"a":[11,82,90],"remarkably":[12],"powerful":[13],"and":[14,28,33,43,56,73,86,94],"versatile":[15],"tool.":[16],"It":[17,45],"was":[18],"used":[19,48],"to":[20,40,53,57],"incite":[21],"racial":[22],"hatred":[23],"Nazi":[25],"Germany,":[26],"Bosnia":[27],"Rwanda.":[29],"Through":[30],"Vatican":[31],"Radio":[32,70,74],"other":[34],"outlets,":[35],"it":[36],"been":[38,47,77],"harnessed":[39],"inspire":[41],"love":[42],"peace.":[44],"as":[49,81,89],"an":[50],"implement":[51],"both":[52],"wage":[54],"war":[55],"coordinate":[58],"relief":[59],"activities":[60],"aftermath":[63],"of":[64,84,92],"disaster.":[65],"International":[66],"broadcast":[67],"stations":[68],"like":[69],"Free":[71],"Europe":[72],"Mart\u00ed":[75],"have":[76],"viewed":[78],"by":[79,87],"some":[80],"force":[83],"liberation,":[85],"others":[88],"tool":[91],"imperialism":[93],"hegemony.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
