{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053984515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","title":"Online and Offline Equivalence: Aspiration and Achievement","display_name":"Online and Offline Equivalence: Aspiration and Achievement","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053984515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","mag":"2053984515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article-pdf/18/3/248/2490112/eaq006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193514341","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","issn_l":"0967-0769","issn":["0967-0769","1464-3693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article-pdf/18/3/248/2490112/eaq006.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Reed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Electronic Commerce Law, Queen Mary University of London School of Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Electronic Commerce Law, Queen Mary University of London School of Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":4533,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4533},"apc_paid":{"value":4533,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4533},"fwci":13.2506,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98139805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"248","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13475","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Law","score":0.01979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-equivalence","display_name":"functional equivalence","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-equivalence","display_name":"formal equivalence","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-process","display_name":"legislative process","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-technologies","display_name":"internet technologies","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-law","display_name":"cyber law","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-reform","display_name":"legal reform","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-law","display_name":"internet law","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778680907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725430","display_name":"Lawmaking","level":3,"score":0.8356204628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.8158116936683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.750052809715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988012377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29966452","display_name":"Functional equivalence","level":2,"score":0.6639086008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780102126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10928179","display_name":"Online and offline","level":2,"score":0.5203706622123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4949931502342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3424931764602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32141485810279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29726213216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2717404365539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.24821677803993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.24402031302452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.16620469093322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13592529296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10225978493690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article-pdf/18/3/248/2490112/eaq006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193514341","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","issn_l":"0967-0769","issn":["0967-0769","1464-3693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/1056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaq006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article-pdf/18/3/248/2490112/eaq006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193514341","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","issn_l":"0967-0769","issn":["0967-0769","1464-3693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053984515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053984515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77476873","https://openalex.org/W86548256","https://openalex.org/W191276224","https://openalex.org/W332713538","https://openalex.org/W611034431","https://openalex.org/W1541333198","https://openalex.org/W1582695374","https://openalex.org/W1603873765","https://openalex.org/W2013534388","https://openalex.org/W2079604930","https://openalex.org/W2105151156","https://openalex.org/W2106315312","https://openalex.org/W2154035397","https://openalex.org/W2176409088","https://openalex.org/W2954762028","https://openalex.org/W3121329246","https://openalex.org/W3190755802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115862160","https://openalex.org/W4379645996","https://openalex.org/W2491357311","https://openalex.org/W3145933793","https://openalex.org/W2346357808","https://openalex.org/W2068151682","https://openalex.org/W2016768437","https://openalex.org/W4388058841","https://openalex.org/W2606959601","https://openalex.org/W2160859842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"widely":[1],"accepted":[2],"principle":[3,20],"of":[4,18,24,28,35,46,68,84],"lawmaking":[5],"is":[6,31,63],"there":[7,30,38],"should":[8],"be":[9],"equivalence":[10,34,62],"between":[11],"online":[12,48],"and":[13],"offline":[14,69],"laws.":[15],"The":[16],"application":[17],"this":[19,72],"requires":[21],"the":[22,44,47,57],"achievement":[23],"functional":[25],"equivalence,":[26],"irrespective":[27],"whether":[29],"also":[32],"formal":[33],"wording.":[36],"However,":[37],"are":[39],"complex":[40],"barriers,":[41],"deriving":[42],"from":[43],"nature":[45],"technologies,":[49],"to":[50,60],"doing":[51],"so":[52],"successfully.":[53],"In":[54],"many":[55],"instances":[56],"only":[58],"way":[59],"achieve":[61],"via":[64],"a":[65,81],"fundamental":[66],"reform":[67],"law.":[70],"Ultimately,":[71],"process":[73],"will":[74],"leave":[75],"little":[76],"if":[77],"any":[78],"room":[79],"for":[80],"separate":[82],"law":[83],"cyberspace.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
