{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053878489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","title":"Who Was James Clerk Maxwell and What Was and Is His Electromagnetic Theory?","display_name":"Who Was James Clerk Maxwell and What Was and Is His Electromagnetic Theory?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053878489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","mag":"2053878489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/map.2009.5338690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201045332","display_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","issn_l":"1045-9243","issn":["1045-9243","1558-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006701050","display_name":"Tapan K. Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-5267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-5267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.K. Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084359093","display_name":"Magdalena Salazar\u2010Palma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-9435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-9435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Salazar-Palma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory & Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory & Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068514901","display_name":"Dipak L. Sengupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.L. Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95961298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"97","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7577999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7577999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.15950000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13495","display_name":"Biographical and Historical Analysis","score":0.04230000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/james-clerk-maxwell","display_name":"James Clerk Maxwell","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxwell-s-equations","display_name":"Maxwell's equations","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-theory","display_name":"electromagnetic theory","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-science","display_name":"19th-century science","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-contributions","display_name":"scientific contributions","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909720056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetics","level":2,"score":0.8478538990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776285698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642214","display_name":"Exposition (narrative)","level":2,"score":0.7941529154777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984039729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetic theory","level":2,"score":0.5833998918533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59282198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51501","display_name":"Maxwell's equations","level":2,"score":0.565920352935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.5599246025085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22480482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430620","display_name":"Scattering-matrix method","level":3,"score":0.4533689022064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91748784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.4368482232093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.39711207151412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39298295974731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.3440834879875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34088149666786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32280921936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.32223060727119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2116299569606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.1958010494709015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15401357412338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10819107294082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07655739784240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.07031998038291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/map.2009.5338690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2009.5338690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201045332","display_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","issn_l":"1045-9243","issn":["1045-9243","1558-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185929279","https://openalex.org/W1986337963","https://openalex.org/W2136607349","https://openalex.org/W2322723527","https://openalex.org/W2503012513","https://openalex.org/W2544014857","https://openalex.org/W2983667649","https://openalex.org/W3011103344","https://openalex.org/W3161879169","https://openalex.org/W4249007274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533942466","https://openalex.org/W2548905328","https://openalex.org/W4231987274","https://openalex.org/W2025581651","https://openalex.org/W2928659063","https://openalex.org/W2193757717","https://openalex.org/W2054311850","https://openalex.org/W1966662678","https://openalex.org/W1989267924","https://openalex.org/W4313638354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"electromagnetics":[1,114],"community":[2],"makes":[3],"profuse":[4],"utilization":[5],"of":[6,20,33,42,61,72,76,98,109,128,135,154,164],"Maxwell's":[7],"equations,":[8],"his":[9,99,110,119,129,165],"theory,":[10],"and":[11,30,49,115,150],"their":[12,54,116],"applications.":[13],"It":[14,101,137],"is":[15,138],"arguable":[16],"that":[17,140],"very":[18],"few":[19],"us":[21],"have":[22],"clear":[23],"ideas":[24,45],"about":[25],"what":[26,31],"exactly":[27],"Maxwell":[28,157],"did":[29],"kind":[32],"scientist":[34],"he":[35,39],"was.":[36],"In":[37],"fact,":[38],"developed":[40],"many":[41],"the":[43,73,77,90,144],"fundamental":[44],"in":[46,113,132],"electrical":[47],"engineering,":[48],"provided":[50],"mathematical":[51],"language":[52],"for":[53,84],"exposition.":[55],"His":[56],"contributions":[57,112,131],"to":[58],"other":[59,133],"branches":[60],"science":[62],"are":[63],"no":[64],"less":[65],"significant.":[66],"He":[67],"was":[68,81],"not":[69],"only":[70],"one":[71],"great":[74,83],"scientists":[75],"nineteenth":[78],"century,":[79],"but":[80,106],"also":[82,123],"all":[85],"time.":[86],"To":[87],"this":[88,141],"end,":[89],"present":[91],"essay":[92],"starts":[93],"with":[94,147],"a":[95,104,125,148,159],"brief":[96],"outline":[97],"life.":[100],"then":[102],"provides":[103],"short":[105],"critical":[107],"discussion":[108],"original":[111],"evolution":[117],"as":[118,158,161,163,168],"electromagnetic":[120,166],"theory.":[121],"We":[122],"give":[124],"cursory":[126],"review":[127],"significant":[130],"areas":[134],"science.":[136],"hoped":[139],"will":[142],"provide":[143],"electromagnetics-community":[145],"readers":[146],"better":[149],"more":[151],"complete":[152],"appreciation":[153],"James":[155],"Clerk":[156],"scientist,":[160],"well":[162],"theory":[167],"we":[169],"know":[170],"now":[171],"it.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
