{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053822939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","title":"The Institutional Features of the Prisoners of War Treaties","display_name":"The Institutional Features of the Prisoners of War Treaties","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053822939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","mag":"2053822939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/002081801317193664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160686149","display_name":"International Organization","issn_l":"0020-8183","issn":["0020-8183","1531-5088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311702","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019869086","display_name":"James D. Morrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-4106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-4106"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James D. Morrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Political Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019869086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97324892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"971","last_page":"991"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoners-of-war","display_name":"prisoners of war","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-design","display_name":"institutional design","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-ratification","display_name":"treaty ratification","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-armies","display_name":"mass armies","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-institutions","display_name":"international institutions","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193170","display_name":"Ratification","level":3,"score":0.9189403057098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7165385484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6449097990989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5997781753540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5141296982765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4947509169578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.471617728471756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.4598468542098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018496412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179637","display_name":"Prisoners of war","level":3,"score":0.43660515546798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.3542414903640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21880370378494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.12503227591514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08898305892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/002081801317193664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160686149","display_name":"International Organization","issn_l":"0020-8183","issn":["0020-8183","1531-5088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311702","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.533.6777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.533.6777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/seminars/riip4.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:intorg:v:55:y:2001:i:04:p:971-991_44","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818301441592/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37035109","https://openalex.org/W379602626","https://openalex.org/W574026539","https://openalex.org/W645771216","https://openalex.org/W1554214898","https://openalex.org/W1601357046","https://openalex.org/W1966031143","https://openalex.org/W1968129064","https://openalex.org/W1974490000","https://openalex.org/W1990615548","https://openalex.org/W2005474264","https://openalex.org/W2026547481","https://openalex.org/W2057667118","https://openalex.org/W2066392389","https://openalex.org/W2074449447","https://openalex.org/W2081970890","https://openalex.org/W2082885703","https://openalex.org/W2102451524","https://openalex.org/W2104266884","https://openalex.org/W2108378466","https://openalex.org/W2122512599","https://openalex.org/W2124369322","https://openalex.org/W2124825646","https://openalex.org/W2128241202","https://openalex.org/W2140641029","https://openalex.org/W2155340768","https://openalex.org/W2162490953","https://openalex.org/W2168876164","https://openalex.org/W2170527550","https://openalex.org/W2889502375","https://openalex.org/W3015656435","https://openalex.org/W3148095595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2179324374","https://openalex.org/W2055729322","https://openalex.org/W4401871062","https://openalex.org/W7129076672","https://openalex.org/W2265102979","https://openalex.org/W2487297111","https://openalex.org/W2474936329","https://openalex.org/W2306802212","https://openalex.org/W4399233964","https://openalex.org/W7220752096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,11,25,39,42,54,89,93,110,128,137,154,169],"twentieth":[2],"century":[3],"states":[4,101,124,140],"negotiated":[5],"and":[6,31,34,74,117,171],"ratified":[7],"formal":[8],"treaties":[9,19,138],"on":[10],"treatment":[12,26,71],"of":[13,15,27,41,56,72,91,115,130,153,173],"prisoners":[14],"war":[16],"(POWs).":[17],"These":[18],"have":[20],"created":[21],"a":[22,46,76],"system":[23,44],"for":[24,126],"POWs":[28,57],"with":[29],"universal":[30],"detailed":[32],"standards":[33],"decentralized":[35],"enforcement.":[36],"I":[37],"explain":[38,166],"form":[40],"POW":[43,146],"as":[45,63],"rational":[47],"institutional":[48],"response":[49,80],"to":[50,65,81,106,109,165],"four":[51,83],"strategic":[52,163],"problems":[53],"issue":[55],"poses:":[58],"monitoring":[59,92],"under":[60],"noise,":[61],"individual":[62,118],"opposed":[64],"state":[66,116],"violations,":[67],"variation":[68,167],"in":[69,168],"preferred":[70],"POWs,":[73,136],"raising":[75],"mass":[77],"army.":[78],"In":[79,158],"these":[82],"problems,":[84],"neutral":[85],"parties":[86],"help":[87,139],"address":[88],"problem":[90,114],"standards.":[94,111],"The":[95,112,145],"ratification":[96],"process":[97],"screens":[98],"out":[99],"some":[100],"that":[102],"do":[103],"not":[104,151],"intend":[105],"live":[107],"up":[108],"two-level":[113],"violations":[119],"is":[120],"addressed":[121],"by":[122],"making":[123],"responsible":[125],"punishing":[127],"actions":[129],"their":[131],"own":[132],"soldiers.":[133],"By":[134],"protecting":[135],"raise":[141],"armies":[142],"during":[143],"wartime.":[144],"case":[147],"supports":[148],"many,":[149],"but":[150],"all,":[152],"Rational":[155],"Design":[156],"conjectures.":[157],"particular,":[159],"it":[160],"suggests":[161],"other":[162],"logics":[164],"membership":[170],"centralization":[172],"international":[174],"institutions.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}