{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053798341","doi":null,"title":"Studies on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). I. Effects in former morphine addicts and development of tolerance during chronic intoxication.","display_name":"Studies on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). I. Effects in former morphine addicts and development of tolerance during chronic intoxication.","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053798341","mag":"2053798341","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13371962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:13371962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13371962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047638947","display_name":"Richard E. Belleville","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R E BELLEVILLE","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076649142","display_name":"H. F. Fraser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H F FRASER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001584082","display_name":"Harris Isbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H ISBELL","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C R LOGAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C R LOGAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109407248","display_name":"Abraham Wikler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A WIKLER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.6811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99085366,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"5","first_page":"468","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12649","display_name":"Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysergic-acid-diethylamide","display_name":"lysergic acid diethylamide","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-tolerance","display_name":"drug tolerance","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-intoxication","display_name":"chronic intoxication","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinations","display_name":"hallucinations","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosis","display_name":"psychosis","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-dysfunction","display_name":"autonomic dysfunction","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depersonalization","display_name":"depersonalization","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synesthesia","display_name":"synesthesia","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamus","display_name":"hypothalamus","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779871769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23118","display_name":"Lysergic acid diethylamide","level":4,"score":0.9063198566436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83177","display_name":"Depersonalization","level":4,"score":0.7353414297103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.6952380537986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6772916316986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124315065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194270","display_name":"Hallucinogen","level":2,"score":0.6543020009994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6225476264953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5391974449157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38829236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203994","display_name":"Euphoriant","level":2,"score":0.4559995234012604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105786092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488532","display_name":"Rorschach test","level":2,"score":0.44684237241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.43907785415649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4350195527076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.33135151863098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31674787402153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16308307647705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.10897362232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88519622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776232","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004361","descriptor_name":"Drug Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008238","descriptor_name":"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009021","descriptor_name":"Morphine Dependence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009022","descriptor_name":"Morphine Derivatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:13371962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13371962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2053798341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13371962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898795278","https://openalex.org/W1971194275","https://openalex.org/W1976691026","https://openalex.org/W1976849880","https://openalex.org/W1977451172","https://openalex.org/W1989013762","https://openalex.org/W1989086727","https://openalex.org/W1990666634","https://openalex.org/W1992795970","https://openalex.org/W1993613918","https://openalex.org/W1998594575","https://openalex.org/W2005271204","https://openalex.org/W2017358382","https://openalex.org/W2045807843","https://openalex.org/W2059690043","https://openalex.org/W2075552167","https://openalex.org/W2083808333","https://openalex.org/W2121654107","https://openalex.org/W2317493546","https://openalex.org/W2401297022","https://openalex.org/W2408288035","https://openalex.org/W2411923699","https://openalex.org/W2423002825","https://openalex.org/W2462620510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297723523","https://openalex.org/W2047631799","https://openalex.org/W2403437166","https://openalex.org/W2087604852","https://openalex.org/W2066096254","https://openalex.org/W2418350283","https://openalex.org/W1995899818","https://openalex.org/W2079605197","https://openalex.org/W1898795278","https://openalex.org/W2027585755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,123,145],"striking":[1],"mental":[2,38,90],"changes":[3],"induced":[4],"by":[5,41,93,143],"the":[6,25,66,89,106,115,121,128,137],"diethylamide":[7],"of":[8,44,58,105,125,127,136],"lysergic":[9],"acid":[10],"(hereafter":[11],"referred":[12,150],"to":[13,32,99,134],"as":[14,101],"LSD)":[15],"have":[16,85],"been":[17,86,141,149],"studied":[18],"extensively":[19],"in":[20,52,79],"Europe,*":[21],"Great":[22],"Britain,\u2020":[23],"and":[24,54,60,69],"United":[26],"States.\u2021":[27],"In":[28],"minute":[29],"doses":[30],"(20\u03b3":[31],"120\u03b3)":[33],"LSD":[34,133,146],"induces":[35],"a":[36,102,111],"peculiar":[37],"state":[39,91],"characterized":[40],"anxiety,":[42],"signs":[43,117],"autonomic":[45,116],"dysfunction,":[46],"perceptual":[47],"distortion":[48],"(chiefly":[49],"visual),":[50],"alterations":[51],"mood":[53],"affect,":[55],"synesthesias,":[56],"feelings":[57],"depersonalization,":[59],"hallucinations.":[61],"drug":[63],"is":[64],"apparently":[65],"most":[67],"effective":[68],"safest":[70],"agent":[71],"for":[72],"inducing":[73],"an":[74],"experimental,":[75],"but":[76],"reversible,":[77],"psychosis":[78,104],"nonpsychotic":[80],"subjects.":[81],"Various":[83],"interpretations":[84],"placed":[87],"on":[88,120],"produced":[92],"LSD.":[94],"Some":[95],"European":[96],"authors":[97],"refer":[98],"it":[100],"toxic":[103],"exogenous":[107],"reaction":[108,147],"type":[109],"or":[110],"diencephalosis,\u00a7":[112],"presumably":[113],"because":[114],"suggest":[118],"effects":[119],"hypothalamus.":[122],"resemblance":[124],"some":[126],"psychic":[129],"manifestations":[130],"which":[131],"follow":[132],"symptoms":[135],"major":[138],"psychoses":[139],"has":[140,148],"stressed":[142],"others.\u2225":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
