{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053790973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","title":"Longitudinal Analysis of Strike Activity","display_name":"Longitudinal Analysis of Strike Activity","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053790973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","mag":"2053790973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/298179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090324651","display_name":"David Card","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-6698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-6698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Card","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090324651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97674419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"147","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strike-activity","display_name":"strike activity","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-negotiation","display_name":"contract negotiation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strike-duration","display_name":"strike duration","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-disputes","display_name":"labor disputes","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.5062710046768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.4675981402397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3932894468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.36022308468818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08536547422409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/298179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/298179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fth:prinin:213","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/213.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/213.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:213","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp01s4655g57s/1/213.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp01s4655g57s/1/213.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:2263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w2263.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w2263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.8113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.8113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/213.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:dsp01s4655g57s","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01s4655g57s","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2053790973","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w2263.pdf?abstractid=347044&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123882045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/2263.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053790973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053790973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594490712","https://openalex.org/W1969552752","https://openalex.org/W1972334886","https://openalex.org/W1976782036","https://openalex.org/W1985059769","https://openalex.org/W1999230486","https://openalex.org/W2003779526","https://openalex.org/W2022505572","https://openalex.org/W2025983050","https://openalex.org/W2049846405","https://openalex.org/W2053790973","https://openalex.org/W2055326340","https://openalex.org/W2075801463","https://openalex.org/W2101518767","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2154330909","https://openalex.org/W4403446403","https://openalex.org/W6661140482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1839263612","https://openalex.org/W6993087902","https://openalex.org/W1601053868","https://openalex.org/W1561264648","https://openalex.org/W2076587152","https://openalex.org/W2029493432","https://openalex.org/W2042861453","https://openalex.org/W1899735004","https://openalex.org/W2760860266","https://openalex.org/W2112326129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"empirical":[4],"study":[5],"of":[6,12,26,35,48,56,70,82,95],"strike":[7,43,85],"activity":[8],"in":[9,28,32],"a":[10,83,96],"panel":[11],"contract":[13],"negotiations":[14,89],"for":[15],"some":[16],"250":[17],"firm-and-union":[18],"pairs.":[19],"Evidence":[20],"is":[21],"presented":[22],"on":[23,51],"two":[24],"sources":[25],"variation":[27],"dispute":[29],"rates:":[30],"changes":[31],"the":[33,36,46,52,65,71,80,87,93],"characteristics":[34],"collective":[37],"bargaining":[38],"agreement":[39],"that":[40],"affect":[41],"subsequent":[42,57],"outcomes":[44],"and":[45,54,67,90],"effects":[47],"lagged":[49],"strikes":[50],"incidence":[53],"duration":[55,66],"disputes.":[58],"Strike":[59],"probabilities":[60],"are":[61,76],"significantly":[62],"affected":[63],"by":[64,79,92],"expiration":[68],"month":[69],"previous":[72,88],"agreement.":[73],"Dispute":[74],"rates":[75],"also":[77],"increased":[78],"occurrence":[81,94],"short":[84],"during":[86],"reduced":[91],"long":[97],"strike.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}