{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053749860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","title":"Trends and Challenges of Traditional Medicine in Africa","display_name":"Trends and Challenges of Traditional Medicine in Africa","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053749860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","mag":"2053749860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22754064","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3252714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/67959/56055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23922572","display_name":"African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines","issn_l":"0189-6016","issn":["0189-6016","2505-0044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361151690","host_organization_name":"African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361151690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/67959/56055","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111580303","display_name":"AA Abdullahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AA Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. kwaraeleven@yahoo.com","Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. kwaraeleven@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111580303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3112,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":589,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75490196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5S","first_page":"115","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10902","display_name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10902","display_name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.21619999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine","display_name":"traditional medicine","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-traditional-medicine","display_name":"African traditional medicine","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-medicine","display_name":"Western medicine","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integration-of-traditional-and-modern-medicine","display_name":"integration of traditional and modern medicine","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicine-regulation","display_name":"traditional medicine regulation","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"standardization","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.8805967569351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.5791617035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994537864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Human medicine","level":2,"score":0.5689231753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992737218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Modern medicine","level":2,"score":0.4905945360660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4815659821033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.46976423263549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.43020814657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39155226945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3720155954360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3439057469367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20179325342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15371447801589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.10180538892745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08702826499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006296","descriptor_name":"Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007400","descriptor_name":"Interprofessional Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009313","descriptor_name":"National Health Programs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010946","descriptor_name":"Plants, Medicinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016488","descriptor_name":"Medicine, African Traditional","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/67959/56055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23922572","display_name":"African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines","issn_l":"0189-6016","issn":["0189-6016","2505-0044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361151690","host_organization_name":"African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361151690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5ss.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5ss.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5ss.5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23922572","display_name":"African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines","issn_l":"0189-6016","issn":["0189-6016","2505-0044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361151690","host_organization_name":"African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361151690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2394111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3252714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22754064","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22754064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3252714","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3252714/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/63349","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/63349","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/d38aa1a4-2668-41c0-a863-86640d42565a/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:cria:bioline:tc:tc11075","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=tc11075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402188","display_name":"Bioline International (Bioline International)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines (ISSN: 0189-6016) Vol 8 Num 5s","raw_type":"AA"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.5","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/67959/56055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23922572","display_name":"African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines","issn_l":"0189-6016","issn":["0189-6016","2505-0044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361151690","host_organization_name":"African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361151690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053749860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053749860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93230101","https://openalex.org/W132962422","https://openalex.org/W145837094","https://openalex.org/W171845521","https://openalex.org/W1485169004","https://openalex.org/W1546113415","https://openalex.org/W1622597154","https://openalex.org/W1935792393","https://openalex.org/W1992080713","https://openalex.org/W2016017110","https://openalex.org/W2016750201","https://openalex.org/W2019112969","https://openalex.org/W2026932917","https://openalex.org/W2029552333","https://openalex.org/W2030435583","https://openalex.org/W2042531274","https://openalex.org/W2060730603","https://openalex.org/W2066159285","https://openalex.org/W2075949892","https://openalex.org/W2078181610","https://openalex.org/W2087139478","https://openalex.org/W2093959701","https://openalex.org/W2107549430","https://openalex.org/W2122047846","https://openalex.org/W2130444888","https://openalex.org/W2134651276","https://openalex.org/W2139463579","https://openalex.org/W2140277686","https://openalex.org/W2144077350","https://openalex.org/W2148212044","https://openalex.org/W2152798282","https://openalex.org/W2169779379","https://openalex.org/W2186901968","https://openalex.org/W2314844416","https://openalex.org/W2417676442","https://openalex.org/W2548633144","https://openalex.org/W2569749262","https://openalex.org/W2795927154","https://openalex.org/W2798462606","https://openalex.org/W2996592058","https://openalex.org/W3100909662","https://openalex.org/W3122347387","https://openalex.org/W4230824357","https://openalex.org/W4246066143","https://openalex.org/W7009289248","https://openalex.org/W7047669798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554947056","https://openalex.org/W4402965609","https://openalex.org/W2413796611","https://openalex.org/W2743320925","https://openalex.org/W4200312983","https://openalex.org/W2907538947","https://openalex.org/W630532319","https://openalex.org/W7165859108","https://openalex.org/W2946505960","https://openalex.org/W2734157375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"to":[1,10,17,84,96,107],"the":[2,12,30,33,41,52,73,82,86,98,109,138],"introduction":[3],"of":[4,19,32,43,56,63,111,125,143],"cosmopolitan":[5],"medicine,":[6],"traditional":[7,57,67,90,104,117],"medicine":[8,58,68],"used":[9],"be":[11,134],"dominant":[13],"medical":[14],"system":[15],"available":[16],"millions":[18],"people":[20],"in":[21,23,40,59],"Africa":[22],"both":[24,116],"rural":[25],"and":[26,47,54,103,106,114,118,127,133],"urban":[27],"communities.":[28],"However,":[29],"arrival":[31],"Europeans":[34],"marked":[35],"a":[36],"significant":[37],"turning":[38],"point":[39],"history":[42],"this":[44],"age-long":[45],"tradition":[46],"culture.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50,74,93],"examines":[51],"trends":[53],"challenges":[55],"Africa.":[60],"The":[61,92],"impact":[62],"colonialism":[64],"on":[65,76],"African":[66],"is":[69,75],"also":[70],"examined.":[71],"Although":[72],"Africa,":[77],"references":[78],"are":[79],"drawn":[80],"around":[81],"world":[83],"buttress":[85],"growing":[87],"demand":[88],"for":[89],"medicine.":[91],"concludes":[94],"that":[95],"minimise":[97],"current":[99],"distrust":[100],"between":[101],"modern":[102,119],"doctors":[105,120],"achieve":[108],"objective":[110],"regulation,":[112],"standardisation":[113],"cooperation,":[115],"must":[121],"acknowledge":[122],"their":[123],"areas":[124],"strengths":[126],"weaknesses":[128],"from":[129],"which":[130],"they":[131],"operate":[132],"genuinely":[135],"concerned":[136],"about":[137],"difficult":[139],"but":[140],"necessary":[141],"task":[142],"being":[144],"human.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
