{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053679926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","title":"Speaker variability augments phonological processing in early word learning","display_name":"Speaker variability augments phonological processing in early word learning","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053679926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","mag":"2053679926","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19143806","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3011987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154906575","display_name":"Developmental Science","issn_l":"1363-755X","issn":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3011987","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082501261","display_name":"Gwyneth C. Rost","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gwyneth C. Rost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. gwyneth-rost@uiowa.edu","Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. gwyneth-rost@uiowa.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057641915","display_name":"Bob McMurray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6532-284X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6532-284X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob McMurray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082501261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.6254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":334,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99752652,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"339","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.18140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-variability","display_name":"speaker variability","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-processing","display_name":"phonological processing","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-word-learning","display_name":"early word learning","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-language-acquisition","display_name":"infant language acquisition","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-variability","display_name":"acoustic variability","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetic-categories","display_name":"phonetic categories","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-up-processing","display_name":"bottom-up processing","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-competition","display_name":"lexical competition","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7842570543289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5626552700996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986548447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Word learning","level":3,"score":0.5476183295249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5064586400985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4771796464920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.37404194474220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37079548835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.1792026162147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14359289407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12459829449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014706","descriptor_name":"Verbal Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014706","descriptor_name":"Verbal Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014706","descriptor_name":"Verbal Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014706","descriptor_name":"Verbal Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00786.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154906575","display_name":"Developmental Science","issn_l":"1363-755X","issn":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19143806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19143806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3011987","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3011987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dev Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3011987","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3011987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dev Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5526250083","display_name":"The Development of Real Time Spoken and Written Word Recognition: Cognitive Bases of Language and Educational Outcomes","funder_award_id":"R01DC008089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91681889","https://openalex.org/W1628323995","https://openalex.org/W1966395315","https://openalex.org/W1967307281","https://openalex.org/W1969724173","https://openalex.org/W1980044217","https://openalex.org/W1982684405","https://openalex.org/W1991819607","https://openalex.org/W1993768374","https://openalex.org/W1996063633","https://openalex.org/W1996669300","https://openalex.org/W2001365213","https://openalex.org/W2006310618","https://openalex.org/W2007600506","https://openalex.org/W2012380112","https://openalex.org/W2012658644","https://openalex.org/W2013897917","https://openalex.org/W2014337885","https://openalex.org/W2021193063","https://openalex.org/W2026992087","https://openalex.org/W2030417754","https://openalex.org/W2035613513","https://openalex.org/W2038056950","https://openalex.org/W2051353076","https://openalex.org/W2061863127","https://openalex.org/W2072350436","https://openalex.org/W2072947178","https://openalex.org/W2075464530","https://openalex.org/W2076343712","https://openalex.org/W2084088650","https://openalex.org/W2087826769","https://openalex.org/W2089176972","https://openalex.org/W2089883580","https://openalex.org/W2092920669","https://openalex.org/W2092922707","https://openalex.org/W2101309088","https://openalex.org/W2101483414","https://openalex.org/W2101509422","https://openalex.org/W2104752510","https://openalex.org/W2113332115","https://openalex.org/W2118340088","https://openalex.org/W2119536496","https://openalex.org/W2119871874","https://openalex.org/W2125482195","https://openalex.org/W2131314926","https://openalex.org/W2131849199","https://openalex.org/W2132530046","https://openalex.org/W2132875343","https://openalex.org/W2135704565","https://openalex.org/W2136653392","https://openalex.org/W2137250991","https://openalex.org/W2139380752","https://openalex.org/W2140789293","https://openalex.org/W2146336538","https://openalex.org/W2150389998","https://openalex.org/W2153592339","https://openalex.org/W2154095608","https://openalex.org/W2159735585","https://openalex.org/W2160862429","https://openalex.org/W2166571083","https://openalex.org/W2169991335","https://openalex.org/W2288031793","https://openalex.org/W4231539100","https://openalex.org/W4237215814","https://openalex.org/W4238515972","https://openalex.org/W4244688713","https://openalex.org/W4246559809","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2569317701","https://openalex.org/W2018921301","https://openalex.org/W1543848555","https://openalex.org/W3093157443","https://openalex.org/W2067362690","https://openalex.org/W3006140724","https://openalex.org/W3202501119","https://openalex.org/W1555814293","https://openalex.org/W4414136715","https://openalex.org/W4206521350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infants":[0,95],"in":[1,30,75,114],"the":[2,27,76,91,115,121,124],"early":[3],"stages":[4],"of":[5],"word":[6,14],"learning":[7,10,66],"have":[8],"difficulty":[9],"lexical":[11,49,64],"neighbors":[12],"(i.e.":[13],"pairs":[15],"that":[16,63],"differ":[17],"by":[18,70,101,104],"a":[19,31,59,106],"single":[20,107],"phoneme),":[21],"despite":[22],"their":[23],"ability":[24],"to":[25,98,119],"discriminate":[26],"same":[28],"contrast":[29],"purely":[32],"auditory":[33],"task.":[34],"While":[35],"prior":[36],"work":[37],"has":[38,52],"focused":[39],"on":[40],"top-down":[41],"explanations":[42],"for":[43],"this":[44,81],"failure":[45],"(e.g.":[46],"task":[47],"demands,":[48],"competition),":[50],"none":[51],"examined":[53],"if":[54],"bottom-up":[55],"acoustic-phonetic":[56],"factors":[57],"play":[58],"role.":[60],"We":[61],"hypothesized":[62],"neighbor":[65],"could":[67],"be":[68],"improved":[69],"incorporating":[71],"greater":[72],"acoustic":[73],"variability":[74],"words":[77],"being":[78],"learned,":[79],"as":[80],"may":[82],"buttress":[83],"still-developing":[84],"phonetic":[85],"categories,":[86],"and":[87],"help":[88],"infants":[89,113,128],"identify":[90],"relevant":[92],"contrastive":[93],"dimension.":[94],"were":[96],"exposed":[97],"pictures":[99],"accompanied":[100],"labels":[102],"spoken":[103],"either":[105],"or":[108],"multiple":[109,131],"speakers.":[110],"At":[111],"test,":[112],"single-speaker":[116],"condition":[117],"failed":[118],"recognize":[120],"difference":[122],"between":[123,134],"two":[125],"words,":[126],"while":[127],"who":[129],"heard":[130],"speakers":[132],"discriminated":[133],"them.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}