{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053671019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","title":"Coexistence of Several Putative Neurotransmitters in Single Identified Neurosn of Aplysia","display_name":"Coexistence of Several Putative Neurotransmitters in Single Identified Neurosn of Aplysia","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053671019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","mag":"2053671019","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4373726","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/433955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/433955","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108912848","display_name":"Michael Brownstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Brownstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083608744","display_name":"Juan M. Saavedra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Saavedra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103384109","display_name":"Julius Axelrod","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Axelrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109102358","display_name":"Gary H. Zeman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary H. Zeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074232978","display_name":"David O. Carpenter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-394X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-394X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David O. Carpenter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":179,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9374391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"12","first_page":"4662","last_page":"4665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coexistence-of-neurotransmitters","display_name":"coexistence of neurotransmitters","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aplysia-californica","display_name":"Aplysia californica","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin","display_name":"serotonin","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/octopamine","display_name":"octopamine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine","display_name":"acetylcholine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catecholamines","display_name":"catecholamines","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine","display_name":"dopamine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identified-neurons","display_name":"identified neurons","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778178740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136564","display_name":"Aplysia","level":2,"score":0.9856989979743958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780696224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424979","display_name":"Octopamine (neurotransmitter)","level":4,"score":0.8651333451271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.7264887094497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.7134073972702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.6119661331176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186242","display_name":"Norepinephrine","level":3,"score":0.5888447761535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.5457838773727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5263213515281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778377861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424455","display_name":"Biogenic amine","level":4,"score":0.5073618292808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777842393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407841","display_name":"Reserpine","level":2,"score":0.4686766266822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.40383777022361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3774261772632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.34965503215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.33967146277427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.208292156457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.11509451270103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005724","descriptor_name":"Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006632","descriptor_name":"Histamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008974","descriptor_name":"Mollusca","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009655","descriptor_name":"Octopamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.12.4662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:433955","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/433955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:4373726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4373726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:433955","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/433955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876934550","https://openalex.org/W1913833853","https://openalex.org/W1972081418","https://openalex.org/W1985876897","https://openalex.org/W1998894167","https://openalex.org/W2010548222","https://openalex.org/W2020595338","https://openalex.org/W2024713929","https://openalex.org/W2025014331","https://openalex.org/W2026300641","https://openalex.org/W2049780980","https://openalex.org/W2053499485","https://openalex.org/W2062146288","https://openalex.org/W2063994958","https://openalex.org/W2070417994","https://openalex.org/W2072521941","https://openalex.org/W2073166579","https://openalex.org/W2075266510","https://openalex.org/W2082347301","https://openalex.org/W2083146600","https://openalex.org/W2105845675","https://openalex.org/W2135148962","https://openalex.org/W2144660165","https://openalex.org/W2255326596","https://openalex.org/W2337264895","https://openalex.org/W2412863663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238935304","https://openalex.org/W2082347301","https://openalex.org/W137368202","https://openalex.org/W2016529429","https://openalex.org/W2105845675","https://openalex.org/W27065912","https://openalex.org/W1991099886","https://openalex.org/W1975548983","https://openalex.org/W2481765525","https://openalex.org/W2038631448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"sensitive":[1],"enzymatic":[2],"micromethods":[3],"several":[4,68],"putative":[5,69],"neurotransmitters":[6],"were":[7,52],"measured":[8],"in":[9,24,31,43,55,71],"four":[10,57],"identifiable":[11,73],"neurons":[12,74],"of":[13,26,64,67],"Aplysia":[14],"californica":[15],"(R-2,":[16],"R-14,":[17],"L-11,":[18],"and":[19,29,45,50],"C-1).":[20],"Serotonin":[21],"was":[22],"found":[23],"all":[25,32],"these":[27],"neurons,":[28],"octopamine":[30],"but":[33],"C-1.":[34],"Acetylcholine":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"previously":[38],"reported":[39],"to":[40],"be":[41],"present":[42],"R-2":[44],"L-11.":[46],"The":[47,60],"catecholamines,":[48],"norepinephrine":[49],"dopamine,":[51],"not":[53],"detected":[54],"the":[56,65],"cells":[58],"examined.":[59],"possible":[61],"biological":[62],"consequence":[63],"presence":[66],"transmitters":[70],"single":[72],"is":[75],"discussed.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}