{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053574200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","title":"Symbiosis and Evolution","display_name":"Symbiosis and Evolution","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053574200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","mag":"2053574200","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5089455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109864068","display_name":"Lynn Margulis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Margulis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109864068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92163636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"225","issue":"2","first_page":"48","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11879","display_name":"Protist diversity and phylogeny","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbiosis","display_name":"symbiosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution","display_name":"evolution","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coevolution","display_name":"coevolution","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutualism","display_name":"mutualism","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endosymbiosis","display_name":"endosymbiosis","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43144210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121610","display_name":"Symbiosis","level":3,"score":0.7912036776542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.43280911445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36684221029281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3608877658843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.19840070605278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.09633415937423706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002923","descriptor_name":"Cilia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005407","descriptor_name":"Flagella","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009940","descriptor_name":"Organoids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010247","descriptor_name":"Paramecium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013559","descriptor_name":"Symbiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056890","descriptor_name":"Eukaryota","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0871-48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5089455","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5089455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239742499","https://openalex.org/W4240572916","https://openalex.org/W334108699","https://openalex.org/W3139454856","https://openalex.org/W4251362129","https://openalex.org/W3144820595","https://openalex.org/W1983298095","https://openalex.org/W2014107119","https://openalex.org/W4239687667","https://openalex.org/W4253875027"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
