{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053567500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","title":"A cross-sectional study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and polymorphism of glutathione S -transferases among heavy smokers by race/ethnicity","display_name":"A cross-sectional study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and polymorphism of glutathione S -transferases among heavy smokers by race/ethnicity","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053567500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","mag":"2053567500","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12775499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1354750031000086269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7166883","display_name":"Biomarkers","issn_l":"1354-750X","issn":["1354-750X","1366-5804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomarkers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018614493","display_name":"Kera F. Weiserbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kera F. Weiserbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York, NY 10032, USA","Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009379894","display_name":"Judith S. Jacobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith S. Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109140906","display_name":"Melissa Dowd Begg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa D. Begg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110141898","display_name":"Lian Wen Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Wen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442096","display_name":"Qiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-9399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-9399","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-1844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057639340","display_name":"Meenaksh Agrawal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119873","display_name":"Lady of Mercy Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02navrb60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626","https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meenaksh Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center New York Bronx"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center New York Bronx","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111737477","display_name":"Edward P. Norkus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119873","display_name":"Lady of Mercy Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02navrb60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626","https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward P. Norkus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center New York Bronx"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center New York Bronx","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111762362","display_name":"Tie\u2010Lan Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie-lan Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084377118","display_name":"Regina M. Santella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-6221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-6221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regina M. Santella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58479608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"142","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12187","display_name":"Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12187","display_name":"Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-adducts","display_name":"DNA adducts","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-m1","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase M1","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-pi","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase pi","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gstm1-genotype","display_name":"GSTM1 genotype","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-differences","display_name":"racial and ethnic differences","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-americans","display_name":"Hispanic Americans","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caucasians","display_name":"Caucasians","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-smokers","display_name":"heavy smokers","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-risk","display_name":"lung cancer risk","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-damage","display_name":"DNA damage","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-vitamins","display_name":"antioxidant vitamins","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780122483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18026593","display_name":"GSTP1","level":4,"score":0.7246710658073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.6703611016273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.5065649747848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781247443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4153410","display_name":"DNA adduct","level":3,"score":0.4829218089580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776907368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q307302","display_name":"Glutathione S-transferase","level":4,"score":0.4714829921722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4390832483768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.42017948627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.3834131360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.33737003803253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3166040778160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2877711355686188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.26407283544540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.21652865409851074}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005982","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Transferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011084","descriptor_name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011084","descriptor_name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014810","descriptor_name":"Vitamin E","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018736","descriptor_name":"DNA Adducts","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018736","descriptor_name":"DNA Adducts","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018736","descriptor_name":"DNA Adducts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019207","descriptor_name":"beta Carotene","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051549","descriptor_name":"Glutathione S-Transferase pi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1354750031000086269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000086269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7166883","display_name":"Biomarkers","issn_l":"1354-750X","issn":["1354-750X","1366-5804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomarkers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12775499","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12775499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1245892869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA73330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3620463524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES 09089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5642313140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR0045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6949826116","display_name":"VITAMIN INTERVENTION IN SMOKERS","funder_award_id":"5r01ca073330-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G878546090","display_name":"FERTILITY &ENHANCED REPRODUCTION IN RARE FELINE MODELS","funder_award_id":"5k01rr000045-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000920621","display_name":"Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan","funder_award_id":"P30ES009089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130404045","https://openalex.org/W160040655","https://openalex.org/W1541669471","https://openalex.org/W1822312039","https://openalex.org/W1974389056","https://openalex.org/W1974642640","https://openalex.org/W1986952134","https://openalex.org/W1999608431","https://openalex.org/W2001255173","https://openalex.org/W2002240712","https://openalex.org/W2015054638","https://openalex.org/W2020627445","https://openalex.org/W2020859549","https://openalex.org/W2021089766","https://openalex.org/W2026453554","https://openalex.org/W2035941562","https://openalex.org/W2039610237","https://openalex.org/W2047619329","https://openalex.org/W2048803885","https://openalex.org/W2057211312","https://openalex.org/W2060137259","https://openalex.org/W2060632585","https://openalex.org/W2079943847","https://openalex.org/W2080519234","https://openalex.org/W2085114077","https://openalex.org/W2101324933","https://openalex.org/W2103324761","https://openalex.org/W2106008374","https://openalex.org/W2126848032","https://openalex.org/W2143767691","https://openalex.org/W2149411771","https://openalex.org/W2153443383","https://openalex.org/W2165841578","https://openalex.org/W2166839817","https://openalex.org/W2170944142","https://openalex.org/W2186498131","https://openalex.org/W2187613463","https://openalex.org/W2188965485","https://openalex.org/W2264299735","https://openalex.org/W2289829729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094080028","https://openalex.org/W2096938256","https://openalex.org/W4253485272","https://openalex.org/W1986952134","https://openalex.org/W1974389056","https://openalex.org/W2112710602","https://openalex.org/W2143767691","https://openalex.org/W2276262771","https://openalex.org/W160040655","https://openalex.org/W2106008374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Differences":[0],"in":[1,20,40,73,95,128,202,206,239,244],"lung":[2,251],"cancer":[3,252],"risk":[4],"by":[5,56,81],"race/ethnicity":[6],"have":[7,249],"been":[8],"observed":[9],"among":[10],"smokers.":[11],"To":[12],"determine":[13],"whether":[14],"these":[15,185],"observations":[16],"might":[17],"reflect":[18],"differences":[19,238],"the":[21,74,121,143,192,233],"formation":[22],"of":[23,62,76,98,103,109,112,133,142],"carcinogen-DNA":[24],"adducts,":[25],"we":[26],"analysed":[27,49],"blood":[28],"specimens":[29],"(n=151)":[30],"collected":[31],"from":[32],"smokers":[33],"who":[34],"were":[35,48,79],"recruited":[36],"for":[37,50,120,163,175,213],"possible":[38],"participation":[39],"an":[41],"antioxidant":[42],"vitamin":[43],"intervention":[44],"study.":[45],"Mononuclear":[46],"cells":[47],"polycyclic":[51],"aromatic":[52],"hydrocarbon":[53],"(PAH)-DNA":[54],"adducts":[55],"competitive":[57],"enzyme-linked":[58],"immunosorbent":[59],"assay.":[60],"Genotypes":[61],"glutathione":[63],"S-transferase":[64],"M1":[65],"and":[66,69,86,106,115,131,136,150,167,170,177,217,229],"P1":[67],"(GSTM1":[68],"GSTP1),":[70],"enzymes":[71],"involved":[72],"detoxification":[75],"PAH":[77],"metabolites,":[78],"determined":[80],"polymerase":[82],"chain":[83],"reaction":[84],"(PCR)":[85],"PCR-restriction":[87],"fragment":[88],"length":[89],"polymorphism,":[90],"respectively.":[91],"GSTM1":[92,171,216],"was":[93,126,219],"present":[94],"65":[96],"out":[97,102,108],"88":[99],"(73.4%),":[100],"16":[101,107],"32":[104],"(50.0%)":[105],"29":[110],"(54.8%)":[111],"African-Americans,":[113,134],"Caucasians":[114,135,203],"Latinos,":[116,137],"respectively":[117,138],"(p=0.022).":[118],"Homozygosity":[119],"GSTP1":[122,230],"codon":[123],"105":[124],"variant":[125],"found":[127,223],"25.6%,":[129],"6.3%":[130],"10.0%":[132],"(p=0.023).":[139],"Regression":[140],"analysis":[141,189],"log-transformed":[144],"adduct":[145,156,227],"levels":[146,157,201,228,242],"confirmed":[147],"that":[148,191],"Caucasian":[149],"Latino":[151],"subjects":[152],"had":[153,181],"lower":[154,199],"PAH-DNA":[155,200],"than":[158,255],"African-American":[159],"subjects,":[160],"after":[161],"adjustment":[162,174],"gender,":[164],"education,":[165],"alpha-tocopherol":[166],"beta-carotene":[168],"levels,":[169],"status.":[172],"Further":[173],"age":[176],"current":[178],"smoking":[179],"habits":[180],"no":[182,224],"impact":[183],"on":[184],"findings.":[186],"Although":[187,232],"crude":[188],"suggested":[190],"GSTM1-positive":[193],"genotype":[194],"may":[195,243],"be":[196],"associated":[197],"with":[198],"(but":[204],"not":[205,220],"African-Americans":[207,248],"or":[208],"Latinos),":[209],"a":[210],"formal":[211],"test":[212],"interaction":[214],"between":[215,226],"ethnicity":[218],"significant.":[221],"We":[222],"association":[225],"genotype.":[231],"mechanism":[234],"is":[235],"unclear,":[236],"ethnic":[237,257],"DNA":[240],"damage":[241],"part":[245],"explain":[246],"why":[247],"higher":[250],"incidence":[253],"rates":[254],"other":[256],"groups.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}