{"id":"https://openalex.org/W205339119","doi":null,"title":"Nicotine gum: does providing it free in a smoking cessation program alter success rates?","display_name":"Nicotine gum: does providing it free in a smoking cessation program alter success rates?","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W205339119","mag":"205339119","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2391458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2391458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2391458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085796494","display_name":"Jafna L. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-5323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-5323"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J L Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Practice Residency Program, Medical Center, Beaver, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Practice Residency Program, Medical Center, Beaver, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071678055","display_name":"James Patrick McKenna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-6711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-6711"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J P McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81329247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"278","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-gum","display_name":"nicotine gum","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employer-sponsored-health-benefits","display_name":"employer-sponsored health benefits","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-abstinence","display_name":"sustained abstinence","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practice","display_name":"general practice","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-health-programs","display_name":"workplace health programs","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778887763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4348342","display_name":"Nicotine gum","level":4,"score":0.9390419721603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9218250513076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.8990706205368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210978","display_name":"Abstinence","level":2,"score":0.7969717979431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.6208550930023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3938644230365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.27277252078056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.22972282767295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074606","descriptor_name":"Smoking Prevention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002638","descriptor_name":"Chewing Gum","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009538","descriptor_name":"Nicotine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009786","descriptor_name":"Occupational Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2391458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2391458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:205339119","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2391458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965475864","https://openalex.org/W2069121409","https://openalex.org/W2412148177","https://openalex.org/W4250732656","https://openalex.org/W1979881540","https://openalex.org/W2410288578","https://openalex.org/W2114205614","https://openalex.org/W2073648650","https://openalex.org/W2411945447","https://openalex.org/W2081214010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Successful":[0],"strategies":[1],"to":[2,19,25,39],"enhance":[3],"smoking":[4],"cessation":[5],"are":[6],"important":[7],"in":[8,23,59],"family":[9,65],"medicine.":[10],"Many":[11],"facets":[12],"of":[13,37,42,48,56],"smoking-cessation":[14,61],"programs":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17,32],"evaluated":[18],"determine":[20],"their":[21,76],"effectiveness":[22],"contributing":[24],"success.":[26],"One":[27],"factor":[28],"that":[29,68],"has":[30],"not":[31],"investigated":[33],"is":[34],"the":[35,40,49,92],"effect":[36],"cost":[38],"smoker":[41],"nicotine":[43,73],"gum.":[44],"A":[45],"retrospective":[46],"analysis":[47],"1-year":[50,82],"sustained":[51],"(lapse-free":[52],"abstinence)":[53],"success":[54,83],"rates":[55],"375":[57],"participants":[58,69],"a":[60,79],"program,":[62],"led":[63],"by":[64,75],"physicians,":[66],"revealed":[67],"who":[70,90],"were":[71],"provided":[72],"gum":[74,93],"employer":[77],"had":[78],"significantly":[80],"higher":[81],"rate":[84],"(38%":[85],"vs":[86],"27%)":[87],"than":[88],"those":[89],"purchased":[91],"individually.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
