{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053259654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","title":"The Pet as an Anxiolytic Intervention","display_name":"The Pet as an Anxiolytic Intervention","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053259654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","mag":"2053259654","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1856711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010801120","display_name":"Cindy C. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CINDY C. WILSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Practice, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Practice, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010801120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80361087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":"8","first_page":"482","last_page":"489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-assisted-interventions","display_name":"animal-assisted interventions","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dogs","display_name":"dogs","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-anxiety","display_name":"state anxiety","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-anxiety","display_name":"trait anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-aloud","display_name":"reading aloud","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pet-ownership","display_name":"pet ownership","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6868953704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6825255751609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777765862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62903","display_name":"Anxiolytic","level":3,"score":0.6042677760124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5888662338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992367442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Trait anxiety","level":3,"score":0.5787599682807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5597260594367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.514910101890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.5064011812210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.46045807003974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.45381563901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4449470043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4327894449234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42130813002586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.4196716547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20147424936294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.16746944189071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.11412310600280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06858447194099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000829","descriptor_name":"Animals, Domestic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001841","descriptor_name":"Human-Animal Bond","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010551","descriptor_name":"Personality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1856711","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1856711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nervous and mental disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W840131459","https://openalex.org/W4313001538","https://openalex.org/W1149505024","https://openalex.org/W2980375304","https://openalex.org/W4312458067","https://openalex.org/W7169706376","https://openalex.org/W2085873396","https://openalex.org/W4312882900","https://openalex.org/W2735905923","https://openalex.org/W2196215648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"effect":[1,51,92,222,231],"of":[2,8,16,41,52,104,154,181,232,240,251],"a":[3,33,135,169,186,203,220],"pet":[4,140,156,167,174,184,204,233],"on":[5,55],"psychological":[6,213],"consequences":[7],"stress":[9],"(i.e.,":[10,25,189],"state":[11,114],"and":[12,30,60,79,147,212],"trait":[13,61,119,131],"anxiety":[14,115,120,132,172],"levels)":[15],"college":[17,244],"students":[18],"was":[19,46,223],"examined":[20],"under":[21,69],"three":[22,44],"test":[23],"conditions":[24,72],"reading":[26,28,95,227],"aloud,":[27],"quietly,":[29],"interacting":[31,80,99,201],"with":[32,43,81,90,100,165,202,255],"friendly":[34],"but":[35],"unknown":[36],"dog).":[37],"A":[38],"repeated-measures":[39],"analysis":[40],"variance":[42],"covariates":[45],"used":[47],"to":[48,151,264],"examine":[49],"the":[50,53,82,101,126,152,155,166,179,230,249],"treatment":[54,71,254],"each":[56],"dependent":[57],"variable":[58],"(state":[59],"anxiety).":[62],"Reading":[63,77],"aloud":[64],"differed":[65],"from":[66],"baseline":[67,87],"measure":[68],"all":[70],"(p":[73],"less":[74],"than":[75,97,142,194],".001).":[76],"quietly":[78,96],"dog":[83],"were":[84,116,160],"slightly":[85],"below":[86],"for":[88,139,205,266],"variables,":[89],"more":[91,193],"seen":[93,225],"by":[94,98,215,226],"dog.":[102],"Examination":[103],"interactions":[105],"among":[106],"variables":[107],"showed":[108],"no":[109],"significant":[110],"differences.":[111],"Effects":[112],"upon":[113,235],"significant,":[117],"while":[118],"levels":[121],"remained":[122],"fairly":[123],"constant":[124],"throughout":[125],"treatments.":[127],"Baseline":[128],"differences":[129],"in":[130,171,242,259],"scores":[133],"indicate":[134],"potentially":[136],"greater":[137],"benefit":[138],"owners":[141,175],"nonowners.":[143],"Selected":[144],"social":[145,187,237],"network":[146],"relationship":[148],"data":[149,247],"related":[150],"role":[153],"during":[157],"anxiety-producing":[158],"times":[159],"also":[161,224],"analyzed.":[162],"While":[163],"interaction":[164,234],"produced":[168],"decrease":[170],"level,":[173],"did":[176,195],"not":[177],"report":[178],"use":[180],"their":[182],"own":[183],"as":[185,190],"support":[188,238],"confidant)":[191],"significantly":[192],"previous":[196],"owners.":[197],"Results":[198],"indicated":[199],"that":[200],"some":[206],"individuals":[207],"does":[208],"affect":[209],"both":[210],"physiological":[211],"responses":[214],"lowering":[216],"response":[217],"levels.":[218],"However,":[219],"parallel":[221],"quietly.":[228],"Given":[229],"selected":[236],"indicators":[239],"health":[241],"well":[243],"students,":[245],"these":[246],"suggest":[248],"importance":[250],"examining":[252],"this":[253],"an":[256],"\"at-risk\"":[257],"group":[258],"which":[260],"it":[261],"is":[262],"possible":[263],"control":[265],"ownership":[267],"characteristics.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}