{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053069289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","title":"Research ethics in open and distance education: Context, principles and issues","display_name":"Research ethics in open and distance education: Context, principles and issues","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053069289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","mag":"2053069289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0158791960170106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104032499","display_name":"Distance Education","issn_l":"0158-7919","issn":["0158-7919","1475-0198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distance Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081732411","display_name":"Terry Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-5727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-5727"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044398117","display_name":"Viktor Jakupec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-5833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-5833"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Jakupec","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40328161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"72","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.4032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.4032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.34689998626708984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.11270000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-and-distance-learning","display_name":"open and distance learning","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-ethics-committees","display_name":"institutional ethics committees","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-approval","display_name":"research ethics approval","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-research-ethics","display_name":"human research ethics","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.7492277026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.7067941427230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6511259078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5905940532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128268270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264133","display_name":"Ethical code","level":2,"score":0.5710626840591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93474598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553","display_name":"Information ethics","level":2,"score":0.4809538424015045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.45153385400772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.446990430355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207665656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403493","display_name":"Ethics of technology","level":4,"score":0.44588106870651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178125196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3275362","display_name":"Nursing ethics","level":2,"score":0.43512195348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.4269554316997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59377095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538733","display_name":"Applied ethics","level":2,"score":0.4166111946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.412850558757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3698272705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197549326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56003","display_name":"Meta-ethics","level":3,"score":0.2829606533050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2578889727592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.21788355708122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16563555598258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12434014678001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07681623101234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0158791960170106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791960170106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104032499","display_name":"Distance Education","issn_l":"0158-7919","issn":["0158-7919","1475-0198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distance Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27097179","https://openalex.org/W167019397","https://openalex.org/W230735206","https://openalex.org/W594302033","https://openalex.org/W628641623","https://openalex.org/W644552319","https://openalex.org/W1120658559","https://openalex.org/W1530429595","https://openalex.org/W1608600376","https://openalex.org/W1744630971","https://openalex.org/W1993450036","https://openalex.org/W2014450263","https://openalex.org/W2015709163","https://openalex.org/W2032375974","https://openalex.org/W2035419449","https://openalex.org/W2037519995","https://openalex.org/W2042213570","https://openalex.org/W2053283583","https://openalex.org/W2059699019","https://openalex.org/W2062234801","https://openalex.org/W2064391626","https://openalex.org/W2066788748","https://openalex.org/W2072399511","https://openalex.org/W2084711503","https://openalex.org/W2092989241","https://openalex.org/W2138417583","https://openalex.org/W2145481513","https://openalex.org/W2167823881","https://openalex.org/W2296346402","https://openalex.org/W2399113600","https://openalex.org/W2465347191","https://openalex.org/W2531553720","https://openalex.org/W2798930053","https://openalex.org/W2987748954","https://openalex.org/W3134140660","https://openalex.org/W3208330627","https://openalex.org/W4254020753","https://openalex.org/W4302606822","https://openalex.org/W4388215860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056886809","https://openalex.org/W7014080525","https://openalex.org/W4234612222","https://openalex.org/W1993037072","https://openalex.org/W2030961322","https://openalex.org/W2892035895","https://openalex.org/W2296926894","https://openalex.org/W2329887621","https://openalex.org/W1584857899","https://openalex.org/W2412353467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,17,76,83,107,129,137,156,160,186],"early":[2],"1980s":[3],"there":[4,92],"has":[5,55,64],"been":[6,48,56],"increasing":[7],"debate":[8],"about":[9],"research":[10,38,89,110,119,151,167],"ethics":[11,20],"and":[12,22,62,85,95,112,116,122,133,136,139,158,164,170,179,181,193],"a":[13,65],"gradual":[14],"increase":[15],"in":[16,27,59,120,128,168,191],"institutionalisation":[18],"of":[19,29,37,45,69,87,97,109,131,143,150,176,185],"approval":[21,84],"monitoring.":[23],"Initially":[24],"this":[25],"occurred":[26],"areas":[28,36],"biomedical":[30],"research,":[31],"but":[32],"more":[33],"recently":[34],"all":[35],"which":[39,189],"involve":[40],"human":[41,88],"beings":[42],"as":[43,106],"sources":[44],"data":[46],"have":[47],"included.":[49],"Australia,":[50],"along":[51],"with":[52],"other":[53],"nations,":[54],"intimately":[57],"involved":[58],"these":[60],"developments":[61],"now":[63],"firmly":[66],"established":[67],"structure":[68],"Institutional":[70],"Ethics":[71,79],"Committees":[72],"(IECS)":[73],"topped":[74],"by":[75],"Australian":[77,118],"Health":[78],"Committee":[80],"(AHEC)":[81],"for":[82,166],"monitoring":[86],"ethics.":[90,152],"Although":[91],"are":[93],"guidelines":[94],"codes":[96],"practice,":[98,180],"many":[99],"issues":[100,163,175],"remain":[101],"still":[102],"to":[103,183],"be":[104],"resolved":[105],"panoply":[108],"methods":[111],"practices":[113],"is":[114,125,145],"extended":[115],"encountered.":[117],"open":[121,169,192],"distance":[123,171,194],"education":[124,195],"being":[126],"caught":[127],"embrace":[130],"IECs":[132],"their":[134],"guidelines,":[135],"Open":[138],"Distance":[140],"Learning":[141],"Association":[142],"Australia":[144],"preparing":[146],"its":[147],"own":[148],"code":[149],"This":[153],"article":[154],"outlines":[155],"context":[157],"discusses":[159],"major":[161],"ethical":[162],"implications":[165],"education.":[172],"It":[173],"considers":[174],"both":[177],"principle":[178],"points":[182],"some":[184],"special":[187],"circumstances":[188],"researchers":[190],"face.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
