{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052980902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","title":"The Rhetoric and Science of William Paley's Natural Theology","display_name":"The Rhetoric and Science of William Paley's Natural Theology","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052980902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","mag":"2052980902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129416953","display_name":"Literature and Theology","issn_l":"0269-1205","issn":["0269-1205","1477-4623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Theology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077279319","display_name":"Matthew Daniel Eddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-4864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-4864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Eddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dibner Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","Dibner Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  mdeddy@mit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dibner Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dibner Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  mdeddy@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077279319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":4068,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4068},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95881519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.6470000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.6470000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.06369999796152115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.060499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/william-paley","display_name":"William Paley","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-theology","display_name":"natural theology","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetoric","display_name":"rhetoric","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empiricism","display_name":"empiricism","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eighteenth-century-british-thought","display_name":"eighteenth-century British thought","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inventio","display_name":"inventio","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topos","display_name":"topos","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panegyric","display_name":"panegyric","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-philosophy","display_name":"natural philosophy","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-history","display_name":"natural history","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atheism","display_name":"atheism","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-attributes","display_name":"divine attributes","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cicero","display_name":"Cicero","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-natura-deorum","display_name":"De natura deorum","score":0.9559999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.8005417585372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.6489527225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190040717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269323","display_name":"Natural philosophy","level":2,"score":0.5487960577011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.52491694688797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10038465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729193","display_name":"Teleological argument","level":3,"score":0.5191820859909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5174798965454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40455488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129353","display_name":"Natural theology","level":2,"score":0.5102701187133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5058002471923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49680450558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208425","display_name":"Praise","level":2,"score":0.472308874130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.4610418975353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4415697753429413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.37021559476852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.35673022270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3419633209705353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.27740511298179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.18847960233688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16458895802497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1440187692642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11471888422966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80038905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192121","display_name":"Teleology","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/litthe/18.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129416953","display_name":"Literature and Theology","issn_l":"0269-1205","issn":["0269-1205","1477-4623"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Theology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:litthe:18/1/1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://litthe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/1/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122054114","https://openalex.org/W322441544","https://openalex.org/W576024334","https://openalex.org/W607584165","https://openalex.org/W1552874050","https://openalex.org/W1570444770","https://openalex.org/W1970651962","https://openalex.org/W1997468021","https://openalex.org/W2083905228","https://openalex.org/W2117777675","https://openalex.org/W2256097019","https://openalex.org/W2482488882","https://openalex.org/W2483269296","https://openalex.org/W2486606766","https://openalex.org/W2504447159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W47229577","https://openalex.org/W1997712005","https://openalex.org/W4237546968","https://openalex.org/W1895144150","https://openalex.org/W2025974298","https://openalex.org/W4394686532","https://openalex.org/W4205612565","https://openalex.org/W2044393296","https://openalex.org/W2919718319","https://openalex.org/W4254780646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yet":[0],"even":[1],"man\u2019s":[2],"intelligence":[3],"must":[4],"lead":[5],"us":[6],"to":[7,35,37,58,62,71,80,86,98,108,117,166,204,208],"infer":[8],"the":[9,15,47,73,103,120,132,136,143,184,195,210],"existence":[10],"of":[11,106,122,131,138,146,156,170,188,194,212],"a":[12,87,153],"mind":[13],"in":[14],"universe.":[16],"Cicero,":[17],"De":[18],"Natura":[19],"Deorum1":[20],"In":[21,52,69],"this":[22,129,139],"essay":[23,140],"I":[24,43,54,77,94,173,198],"suggest":[25],"that":[26,142,175,200],"William":[27],"Paley's":[28,59,83,189],"Natural":[29,65,171],"Theology":[30],"was":[31],"rhetorical":[32,104,134],"work":[33,84],"written":[34],"appeal":[36],"an":[38],"eighteenth-century":[39],"British":[40],"empiricist":[41],"mindset.":[42],"begin":[44],"by":[45],"addressing":[46],"book's":[48,133],"argument":[49,149],"and":[50,64,90,112,161,178,207],"audience.":[51,93],"particular,":[53],"pay":[55],"close":[56],"attention":[57],"adolescent":[60],"exposure":[61],"rhetoric":[63],"Theology's":[66],"panegyric":[67],"format.":[68],"addition":[70],"excavating":[72],"work's":[74],"cultural":[75],"context,":[76],"go":[78],"on":[79,97,119],"explain":[81],"why":[82],"appealed":[85],"conservative,":[88],"polite":[89],"economically":[91],"comfortable":[92],"then":[95],"move":[96],"address":[99],"how":[100],"he":[101],"used":[102],"practice":[105],"inventio":[107],"select":[109],"scientific":[110,144,186],"sources":[111,182],"examples,":[113],"or":[114],"commonplaces,":[115],"intended":[116,203],"play":[118],"heart-strings":[121],"his":[123,147],"empirically":[124],"minded":[125],"readers.":[126],"To":[127],"illustrate":[128],"aspect":[130],"construction,":[135],"end":[137],"shows":[141],"examples":[145],"theological":[148],"were":[150,180],"taken":[151],"from":[152],"wide":[154],"variety":[155],"contemporary":[157],"physiology,":[158],"natural":[159,162],"philosophy":[160],"history":[163],"texts.":[164],"Contrary":[165],"later":[167],"nineteenth-century":[168],"assessments":[169],"Theology,":[172],"emphasise":[174],"these":[176],"books":[177],"articles":[179],"standard":[181],"for":[183],"practicing":[185],"community":[187],"generation.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"throughout":[192],"all":[193],"following":[196],"sections,":[197],"demonstrate":[199],"Paley":[201],"specifically":[202],"shame":[205],"atheism":[206],"praise":[209],"attributes":[211],"God.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}