{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052979625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Black Patients","display_name":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Black Patients","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052979625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","mag":"2052979625","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15809470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031709348","display_name":"Jay S. Kaufman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-401X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-401X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay S. Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["From University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042225821","display_name":"John M. Flack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Flack","raw_affiliation_strings":["From University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"7","first_page":"589","last_page":"589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10144","display_name":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10144","display_name":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11001","display_name":"Renin-Angiotensin System Studies","score":0.020899999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11917","display_name":"Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-patients","display_name":"Black patients","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure-control","display_name":"blood pressure control","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-drugs","display_name":"antihypertensive drugs","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinapril","display_name":"quinapril","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure-response","display_name":"blood pressure response","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences-in-drug-response","display_name":"racial differences in drug response","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diastolic-blood-pressure","display_name":"diastolic blood pressure","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systolic-blood-pressure","display_name":"systolic blood pressure","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-controlled-comparison","display_name":"placebo comparison","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-patients","display_name":"African American patients","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-patients","display_name":"African patients","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-therapy","display_name":"antihypertensive therapy","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8570374250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.6983983516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5735902190208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5107791423797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27016395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128861","display_name":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme","level":3,"score":0.4496486783027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3793541491031647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.37305107712745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2385559380054474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15554100275039673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000806","descriptor_name":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15809470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15809470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004337804","https://openalex.org/W2068908293","https://openalex.org/W2071172182","https://openalex.org/W2072100938","https://openalex.org/W2081394769","https://openalex.org/W2087006829","https://openalex.org/W2088423576","https://openalex.org/W2116871470","https://openalex.org/W2145331408","https://openalex.org/W2152664025","https://openalex.org/W2152955526","https://openalex.org/W2154994878","https://openalex.org/W2168245193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W69847600","https://openalex.org/W7127080618","https://openalex.org/W2169513096","https://openalex.org/W2159740834","https://openalex.org/W2092756800","https://openalex.org/W2177942867","https://openalex.org/W1998446869","https://openalex.org/W2399223655","https://openalex.org/W1476288921","https://openalex.org/W2807625224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Letters5":[0],"April":[1,375,389,394],"2005Angiotensin-Converting":[2],"Enzyme":[3,356],"Inhibitors":[4,357],"in":[5,123,130,172,206,238,264,294,340,358],"Black":[6,341,359],"PatientsJay":[7],"S.":[8,17],"Kaufman,":[9,18],"PhD":[10],"and":[11,32,48,66,83,104,117,134,178,240,262,306,322,352,370],"John":[12,49],"M.":[13,50,344,362],"Flack,":[14,51],"MD,":[15,52],"MPHJay":[16],"PhDFrom":[19],"University":[20,35,54,69,310,325],"of":[21,25,37,55,59,71,110,232,291,311,315,327,402],"North":[22,56,312],"Carolina":[23,57,313],"School":[24,36,58,70,314,326],"Public":[26,60,316],"Health,":[27,61,317],"Chapel":[28,62,318],"Hill,":[29,63,319],"NC":[30,64,320],"27516,":[31,65,321],"Wayne":[33,67,323],"State":[34,68,324],"Medicine,":[38,72,328],"Detroit,":[39,73,329],"MI":[40,74,330],"48201.Search":[41,75],"for":[42,76,142,168,190],"more":[43,77],"papers":[44,78],"by":[45,79,102,399],"this":[46,80],"author":[47],"MPHFrom":[53],"authorAuthor,":[81],"Article,":[82,305],"Disclosure":[84,307],"Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00017":[85],"SectionsAboutFull":[86],"TextPDF":[87],"ToolsAdd":[88],"to":[89,236,266],"favoritesDownload":[90],"CitationsTrack":[91],"CitationsPermissions":[92],"ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail":[93],"TO":[94],"THE":[95],"EDITOR:We":[96],"read":[97],"with":[98],"interest":[99],"the":[100,108,132,139,147,244,295],"review":[101],"Brewster":[103,194,345,363],"colleagues":[105],"(1)":[106],"summarizing":[107],"effects":[109],"single":[111],"antihypertensive":[112,203,267],"agents":[113],"on":[114,150],"blood":[115,118,183,233],"pressure":[116,119,184,234],"control,":[120],"as":[121],"reported":[122],"clinical":[124],"studies":[125],"that":[126,141,167],"enrolled":[127],"black":[128,207,239],"patients":[129],"both":[131,173],"Americas":[133],"Africa.":[135],"The":[136,192,289],"authors":[137],"highlighted":[138],"observation":[140],"angiotensin-converting":[143],"enzyme":[144],"(ACE)":[145],"inhibitors,":[146],"summary":[148],"effect":[149],"diastolic":[151,179],"control":[152],"(as":[153],"a":[154],"binary":[155],"outcome)":[156],"did":[157],"not":[158],"differ":[159],"significantly":[160,187],"from":[161],"placebo.":[162,191],"However,":[163],"they":[164],"also":[165],"found":[166],"these":[169],"agents,":[170],"changes":[171],"systolic":[174],"(\u22127.43":[175],"mm":[176,181],"Hg)":[177,182],"(\u22123.35":[180],"were":[185],"each":[186],"greater":[188],"than":[189],"...References1.":[193],"LM,":[195],"van":[196,349,367],"Montfrans":[197,350,368],"GA,":[198],"Kleijnen":[199,354,372],"J.":[200],"Systematic":[201],"review:":[202],"drug":[204,382],"therapy":[205],"patients.":[208],"Ann":[209],"Intern":[210],"Med.":[211],"2004;141:614-27.":[212],"[PMID:":[213,253,271,300],"15492341]":[214],"LinkGoogle":[215],"Scholar2.":[216],"Mokwe":[217],"E,":[218,226,228],"Ohmit":[219],"SE,":[220],"Nasser":[221],"SA,":[222],"Shafi":[223],"T,":[224],"Saunders":[225],"Crook":[227],"et":[229,287],"al.":[230,288],"Determinants":[231],"response":[235,265],"quinapril":[237],"white":[241],"hypertensive":[242],"patients:":[243],"Quinapril":[245],"Titration":[246],"Interval":[247],"Management":[248],"Evaluation":[249],"trial.":[250],"Hypertension.":[251,269],"2004;43:1202-7.":[252],"15117912]":[254],"CrossrefMedlineGoogle":[255,273,302],"Scholar3.":[256],"Sehgal":[257],"AR.":[258],"Overlap":[259],"between":[260],"whites":[261],"blacks":[263],"drugs.":[268],"2004;43:566-72.":[270],"14757779]":[272],"Scholar4.":[274],"Gabriel":[275],"SB,":[276],"Schaffner":[277],"SF,":[278],"Nguyen":[279],"H,":[280],"Moore":[281],"JM,":[282],"Roy":[283],"J,":[284],"Blumenstiel":[285],"B,":[286],"structure":[290],"haplotype":[292],"blocks":[293],"human":[296],"genome.":[297],"Science.":[298],"2002;296:2225-9.":[299],"12029063]":[301],"Scholar":[303],"Author,":[304],"InformationAffiliations:":[308],"From":[309],"48201.":[331],"PreviousarticleNextarticle":[332],"Advertisement":[333],"FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee":[334],"AlsoSystematic":[335],"Review:":[336],"Antihypertensive":[337],"Drug":[338],"Therapy":[339],"Patients":[342,360],"Lizzy":[343,361],",":[346,351,364,369],"Gert":[347,365],"A.":[348,366],"Jos":[353,371],"Angiotensin-Converting":[355],"Metrics":[373],"5":[374,388,393],"2005Volume":[376],"142,":[377],"Issue":[378,391],"7Page:":[379],"589KeywordsACE":[380],"inhibitorsAntihypertensive":[381],"therapyBlood":[383],"pressureDrugsPopulation":[384],"geneticsPopulation":[385],"statistics":[386],"ePublished:":[387],"2005":[390,395,398],"Published:":[392],"CopyrightCopyright":[396],"\u00a9":[397],"American":[400],"College":[401],"Physicians.":[403],"All":[404],"Rights":[405],"Reserved.PDF":[406],"DownloadLoading":[407],"...":[408]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}