{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052952016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","title":"Implementation of a three-qubit Toffoli gate in a single step","display_name":"Implementation of a three-qubit Toffoli gate in a single step","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052952016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","mag":"2052952016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physreva.85.032326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.0374","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068873801","display_name":"Ai Min Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ai Min Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054580358","display_name":"Sam Young Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-6643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-6643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Young Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, The People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042823915","display_name":"Mun Dae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-0485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-0485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125608817","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/041hz9568","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mun Dae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea","Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2675,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2675},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84841919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.08569999784231186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toffoli-gate","display_name":"Toffoli gate","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-qubit-gates","display_name":"three-qubit gates","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupled-qubits","display_name":"coupled qubits","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit-coupling","display_name":"qubit coupling","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-wave-approximation","display_name":"rotating wave approximation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-fidelity","display_name":"gate fidelity","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoherence","display_name":"decoherence","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-bath","display_name":"heat bath","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gates","display_name":"quantum gates","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142465778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2502619","display_name":"Toffoli gate","level":5,"score":0.993026852607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.8041751980781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.7171258330345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.44012919068336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182953411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917713","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","level":5,"score":0.4382498264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4003754258155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3812927007675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3774107098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.32382261753082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23669040203094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.13559839129447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physreva.85.032326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.85.032326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1203.0374","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.0374","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.0374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1203.0374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1203.0374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1203.0374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1203.0374","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.0374","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.0374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963811960","https://openalex.org/W1966700487","https://openalex.org/W1969584051","https://openalex.org/W1969587259","https://openalex.org/W1980856895","https://openalex.org/W1993248778","https://openalex.org/W2004066092","https://openalex.org/W2010150133","https://openalex.org/W2020018917","https://openalex.org/W2023859788","https://openalex.org/W2029316682","https://openalex.org/W2031421110","https://openalex.org/W2051926730","https://openalex.org/W2054388650","https://openalex.org/W2055723416","https://openalex.org/W2060904747","https://openalex.org/W2068163719","https://openalex.org/W2088111448","https://openalex.org/W2102008187","https://openalex.org/W2102864190","https://openalex.org/W2108183232","https://openalex.org/W2161581509","https://openalex.org/W2504505816","https://openalex.org/W2535956553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1250648069","https://openalex.org/W3022132827","https://openalex.org/W3186276893","https://openalex.org/W2247222799","https://openalex.org/W1996899831","https://openalex.org/W3165240604","https://openalex.org/W4376864525","https://openalex.org/W2951941521","https://openalex.org/W4229003585","https://openalex.org/W83356782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-step":[0],"implementations":[1],"of":[2,57,98,111,153],"multiqubit":[3],"gates":[4],"are":[5,69,115],"generally":[6],"believed":[7],"to":[8,71,74,93,131,170],"provide":[9],"a":[10,13,17,26,29,33,106,118,141,162,171],"simpler":[11],"design,":[12],"faster":[14],"operation,":[15],"and":[16,84,156],"lower":[18],"decoherence.":[19],"For":[20],"three":[21],"coupled":[22],"qubits":[23,83],"interacting":[24],"with":[25,79,96,144],"photon":[27,85],"field,":[28],"realizable":[30,95],"scheme":[31],"for":[32,117],"single-step":[34,88,119,126],"Toffoli":[35,89,120,142],"gate":[36,90,143],"is":[37,91,174],"investigated.":[38],"We":[39],"find":[40],"that":[41,104,140],"the":[42,55,62,65,75,99,112,134,154,166],"three-qubit":[43],"system":[44,113,135],"can":[45,147],"be":[46,72,94,148],"described":[47],"by":[48,150],"four":[49,100],"effective":[50],"modified":[51,66],"Jaynes-Cummings":[52,67,77],"models":[53,68,78],"in":[54,133],"states":[56],"two":[58],"control":[59],"qubits.":[60],"Within":[61],"rotating-wave":[63],"approximation,":[64],"shown":[70,92],"reduced":[73],"conventional":[76],"renormalized":[80],"couplings":[81],"between":[82],"fields.":[86],"A":[87],"tuning":[97],"characteristic":[101],"oscillation":[102],"periods":[103],"satisfy":[105],"commensurate":[107],"condition.":[108],"Possible":[109],"values":[110],"parameters":[114],"estimated":[116],"gate.":[121],"Further,":[122],"we":[123],"discuss":[124],"our":[125],"Toffoli-gate":[127,167],"operation":[128,168],"errors":[129],"due":[130,169],"imperfections":[132],"parameters;":[136],"numerical":[137],"calculations":[138],"show":[139],"high":[145],"fidelity":[146],"obtained":[149],"adjusting":[151],"pairs":[152],"photon-qubit":[155],"qubit-qubit":[157],"coupling":[158],"strengths.":[159],"In":[160],"addition,":[161],"decoherence":[163],"effect":[164],"on":[165],"thermal":[172],"reservoir":[173],"discussed.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
