{"id":"https://openalex.org/W205272017","doi":null,"title":"Commingling analysis of generalized body mass and composition measures: the Qu\u00e9bec Family Study.","display_name":"Commingling analysis of generalized body mass and composition measures: the Qu\u00e9bec Family Study.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W205272017","mag":"205272017","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1778661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1778661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1778661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108223133","display_name":"Ingrid B. Borecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-7964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-7964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I B Borecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089185817","display_name":"Treva Rice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2600"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060568681","display_name":"Claude Bouchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-491X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-491X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University \u2013 St Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University \u2013 St Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112148462","display_name":"D. C. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8538-2141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8538-2141","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-9879"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D C Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9037188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"763","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commingling","display_name":"commingling","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat","display_name":"fat mass","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-free-mass","display_name":"fat-free mass","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-mass-index","display_name":"fat mass index","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat-percentage","display_name":"body fat percentage","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-mass-to-fat-free-mass-ratio","display_name":"fat mass to fat-free mass ratio","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-genetics","display_name":"obesity genetics","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotypic-heterogeneity","display_name":"phenotypic heterogeneity","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness","display_name":"skewness","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-studies","display_name":"family studies","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quebec-family-study","display_name":"Quebec Family Study","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-effects","display_name":"developmental effects","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7970321178436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6548587083816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111214947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907290","display_name":"Classification of obesity","level":4,"score":0.6463041305541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.5168586373329163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.4857502579689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4582350552082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993503589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193583","display_name":"Fat mass","level":3,"score":0.4405776262283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42754024267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120863210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064264","display_name":"Lean body mass","level":3,"score":0.41900333762168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3670817017555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2975289821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.20532888174057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.1994704306125641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.12762179970741272}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011792","descriptor_name":"Quebec","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1778661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1778661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:205272017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1778661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5363012497","display_name":"A Research Project in Genetic Epidemiology","funder_award_id":"R01GM028719","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6986454970","display_name":"GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SEX HORMONES AND LIPOPROTEINS","funder_award_id":"R01HD018281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8692819671","display_name":"QUANTITATIVE GENETIC STUDY OF LRC FAMILY DATA","funder_award_id":"R01HL033973","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2414336867","https://openalex.org/W2409879312","https://openalex.org/W1687154500","https://openalex.org/W1995712354","https://openalex.org/W2036942782","https://openalex.org/W2169066706","https://openalex.org/W7000550701","https://openalex.org/W2418277083","https://openalex.org/W2108668674","https://openalex.org/W930007685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"body":[1,50,68,137,192,257],"mass":[2,51,63,73,116,120,182,185,188,202],"and":[3,17,45,70,87,104,106,117,190,200],"composition":[4],"are":[5,129,194],"heterogeneous":[6],"phenotypes":[7,47],"resulting":[8],"from":[9,96],"the":[10,27,49,59,82,108,111,118,139,220,242,253],"combined":[11],"effects":[12,240],"of":[13,26,40,43,61,84,100,132,135,141,149,256],"genes,":[14],"environmental":[15],"factors,":[16],"their":[18],"interactions.":[19],"In":[20,77,161],"order":[21],"to":[22,32,186,247],"gain":[23],"an":[24],"understanding":[25],"individual":[28],"genetic":[29],"determinants":[30],"leading":[31],"obesity,":[33],"we":[34,80],"have":[35],"initiated":[36],"a":[37,71,92,142,212],"systematic":[38],"analysis":[39],"several":[41],"measures":[42,131],"fatness":[44],"its":[46],"including:":[48],"index":[52,74,121],"(wt/ht2),":[53],"fat":[54,62,72,119,159,184,199],"mass,":[55,58,66,114],"fat-free":[56,65,115,187,201],"(lean)":[57],"ratio":[60],"over":[64],"percent":[67,191],"fat,":[69],"(fat":[75],"mass/ht).":[76],"this":[78],"report,":[79],"examine":[81],"distributions":[83,167],"these":[85,150],"age":[86],"sex":[88],"adjusted":[89],"variables":[90,125,180],"in":[91,98,126,219,222,241],"large":[93],"family":[94],"study":[95],"Qu\u00e9bec":[97],"terms":[99],"evidence":[101],"for":[102,147,158,252],"commingling":[103,216],"skewness,":[105],"evaluate":[107],"inter-relationships":[109],"among":[110],"measures.":[112,205],"Fat":[113],"conceptually":[122],"represent":[123],"primary":[124,151],"that":[127,231],"they":[128],"quantitative":[130],"relevant":[133],"components":[134],"total":[136],"weight;":[138],"hypothesis":[140],"single":[143,204,213],"distribution":[144],"was":[145,217],"inferred":[146],"each":[148,223],"measures,":[152],"with":[153,211],"significant":[154,235],"residual":[155],"skewness":[156],"except":[157],"mass.":[160],"general,":[162],"offspring":[163,207],"(8-26":[164],"years":[165,175,246],"old)":[166,176],"were":[168,209],"more":[169],"positively":[170],"skewed":[171,214],"than":[172],"parent":[173],"(30-60":[174],"distributions.":[177],"The":[178,225],"remaining":[179],"(body":[181],"index,":[183],"ratio,":[189],"fat)":[193],"indexes":[195],"combining":[196],"information":[197],"on":[198],"into":[203],"Although":[206],"data":[208],"consistent":[210],"distribution,":[215],"found":[218],"parents":[221],"case.":[224],"prominent":[226],"heterogeneity":[227],"between":[228],"generations":[229],"suggests":[230],"there":[232],"may":[233],"be":[234],"developmental":[236],"(genetic":[237],"or":[238],"environmental)":[239],"transition":[243],"during":[244],"growing":[245],"adult":[248],"pattern":[249],"phenotypes,":[250],"particularly":[251],"complex":[254],"indicators":[255],"composition.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}