{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052666540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","title":"Effects of Childhood Trauma on Psychological Functioning in Adults Sexually Abused as Children","display_name":"Effects of Childhood Trauma on Psychological Functioning in Adults Sexually Abused as Children","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052666540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","mag":"2052666540","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8113774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042941092","display_name":"Thomas A. Roesler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS A. ROESLER","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80206","National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80206","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038269653","display_name":"Nancy L. McKenzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6823-8319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6823-8319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NANCY McKENZIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98383781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"182","issue":"3","first_page":"145","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14342","display_name":"Military, Security, and Education Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexual-abuse","display_name":"child sexual abuse","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-trauma","display_name":"childhood trauma","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissociation","display_name":"dissociation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dysfunction","display_name":"sexual dysfunction","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-abuse","display_name":"physical abuse","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incest","display_name":"incest","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-force","display_name":"use of force","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992354236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43414","display_name":"Sexual abuse","level":4,"score":0.7412127256393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5385433435440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5277652740478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167191","display_name":"Child abuse","level":4,"score":0.5252955555915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827132","display_name":"Physical abuse","level":5,"score":0.5181085467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519513126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339137","display_name":"Psychological abuse","level":5,"score":0.47663721442222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4751412868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4513236880302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.448009729385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627467","display_name":"Dissociative disorders","level":3,"score":0.427223801612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3486943244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778807096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900394","display_name":"Dissociative","level":2,"score":0.16193589568138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.11372426152229309}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002649","descriptor_name":"Child Abuse","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002650","descriptor_name":"Child Abuse, Sexual","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002650","descriptor_name":"Child Abuse, Sexual","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004213","descriptor_name":"Dissociative Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007179","descriptor_name":"Incest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008016","descriptor_name":"Life Change Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012649","descriptor_name":"Self Concept","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199403000-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8113774","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8113774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nervous and mental disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W830758653","https://openalex.org/W2052619020","https://openalex.org/W2023186118","https://openalex.org/W2052374063","https://openalex.org/W2081474702","https://openalex.org/W2793376729","https://openalex.org/W2276217430","https://openalex.org/W7214103378","https://openalex.org/W2037687044","https://openalex.org/W2135006601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standardized":[0],"symptom":[1,68,107,155],"measures":[2,156],"were":[3,25,125],"used":[4,126],"to":[5,85,101,104,152],"determine":[6],"the":[7,128,137,154,158],"effect":[8],"of":[9,35,61,77,113,117,134],"childhood":[10,59,99],"trauma":[11,36,83,97],"experiences":[12,48],"on":[13],"adults":[14],"sexually":[15,22],"victimized":[16],"as":[17,147],"children.":[18],"One":[19],"hundred":[20],"eighty-eight":[21],"abused":[23],"individuals":[24],"tested":[26,110],"for":[27,30,72,93,164,172],"mean":[28],"scores":[29],"depression,":[31],"self-esteem,":[32],"general":[33],"levels":[34,69],"symptoms,":[37,43],"sexual":[38,96,142,173],"dysfunction,":[39],"posttraumatic":[40],"stress":[41,88],"disorder":[42],"and":[44,70,130],"dissociation.":[45],"Childhood":[46],"traumatic":[47],"(parents":[49],"fighting,":[50],"physical":[51],"abuse":[52,143,146],"by":[53,56,127],"father":[54],"or":[55,123],"mother,":[57],"other":[58],"traumas)":[60],"a":[62,148],"nonsexual":[63],"nature":[64],"correlated":[65],"with":[66,157],"increased":[67,105],"accounted":[71],"significant":[73,140,169],"changes":[74],"in":[75,98,161],"percentage":[76],"variance":[78,162],"ranging":[79],"from":[80],"5.2%":[81],"(general":[82],"symptoms)":[84],"12.3%":[86],"(posttraumatic":[87],"disorder).":[89],"Even":[90],"after":[91],"controlling":[92],"nonsexual-abuse":[94],"trauma,":[95],"continued":[100],"contribute":[102],"significantly":[103,151,178],"adult":[106],"levels.":[108],"Variables":[109],"included":[111],"number":[112],"perpetrators;":[114],"incest;":[115],"age":[116],"first":[118],"abuse;":[119],"whether":[120],"force,":[121],"bribes,":[122],"threats":[124],"perpetrator;":[129],"penetration.":[131],"The":[132],"use":[133],"force":[135],"was":[136],"single":[138],"most":[139,159],"individual":[141],"variable.":[144],"Sexual":[145],"whole":[149],"contributed":[150,168],"all":[153],"change":[160],"noted":[163],"dissociation":[165],"(20.5%).":[166],"Gender":[167],"differences":[170],"only":[171],"dysfunction":[174],"when":[175],"men":[176],"scored":[177],"worse.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
