{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052564273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","title":"The Racial Factor in Nonpartisan Judicial Elections: A Research Note","display_name":"The Racial Factor in Nonpartisan Judicial Elections: A Research Note","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052564273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","mag":"2052564273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591298804100413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233090","display_name":"The Western Political Quarterly","issn_l":"0043-4078","issn":["0043-4078","2325-8675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316035","host_organization_name":"University of Utah Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316035"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Utah Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Political Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017317490","display_name":"Nicholas P. Lovrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4102-1053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4102-1053","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-547X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas P. Lovrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085414118","display_name":"Charles H. Sheldon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles H. Sheldon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054252299","display_name":"Erik Wasmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Wasmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Attorney General, State of Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Attorney General, State of Oregon","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94349008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"807","last_page":"807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonpartisan-elections","display_name":"nonpartisan elections","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-elections","display_name":"judicial elections","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judges","display_name":"judges","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-politics","display_name":"race and politics","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-appointments","display_name":"judicial appointments","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7171722650527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.566398024559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17704758048057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09116783738136292}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591298804100413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233090","display_name":"The Western Political Quarterly","issn_l":"0043-4078","issn":["0043-4078","2325-8675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316035","host_organization_name":"University of Utah Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316035"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Utah Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Political Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/448497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/448497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/448497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233090","display_name":"The Western Political Quarterly","issn_l":"0043-4078","issn":["0043-4078","2325-8675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316035","host_organization_name":"University of Utah Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316035"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Utah Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Western Political Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966364613","https://openalex.org/W2003137207","https://openalex.org/W2010059488","https://openalex.org/W2011886978","https://openalex.org/W2016177320","https://openalex.org/W2018277533","https://openalex.org/W2030174137","https://openalex.org/W2069365396","https://openalex.org/W2317085921","https://openalex.org/W2329091795","https://openalex.org/W2769897471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243812564","https://openalex.org/W2003137207","https://openalex.org/W1985207842","https://openalex.org/W4242820004","https://openalex.org/W640421865","https://openalex.org/W4300908603","https://openalex.org/W2799458417","https://openalex.org/W2247885231","https://openalex.org/W2043672649","https://openalex.org/W6964127747"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
