{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052535698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","title":"The \u201crace\u201d concept in smoking: A review of the research on African Americans","display_name":"The \u201crace\u201d concept in smoking: A review of the research on African Americans","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052535698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","mag":"2052535698","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9257399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science & Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113803754","display_name":"Gary King","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113803754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78639561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"7","first_page":"1075","last_page":"1087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.4975999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.4975999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.43849998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-of-race","display_name":"concept of race","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"racism","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-race","display_name":"social construction of race","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use-reduction","display_name":"tobacco use reduction","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture","display_name":"culture","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8453850746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.6368378400802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5963130593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5652368664741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104977270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000306","display_name":"Race and health","level":4,"score":0.44955429434776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43207675218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.43206363916397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019085024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Cigarette smoking","level":2,"score":0.41354259848594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.37499499320983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3032754063606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.21105724573135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19743630290031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.17379716038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.16019412875175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.10660499334335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00035-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science & Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9257399","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9257399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social science & medicine (1982)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:socmed:v:45:y:1997:i:7:p:1075-1087","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277-9536(97)00035-X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4139807567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TW00027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8715624","https://openalex.org/W17991750","https://openalex.org/W18853683","https://openalex.org/W147176197","https://openalex.org/W188045412","https://openalex.org/W310529679","https://openalex.org/W371377765","https://openalex.org/W594316559","https://openalex.org/W1208608215","https://openalex.org/W1274509405","https://openalex.org/W1495675697","https://openalex.org/W1579467755","https://openalex.org/W1596125501","https://openalex.org/W1748125014","https://openalex.org/W1815331168","https://openalex.org/W1906414802","https://openalex.org/W1974459310","https://openalex.org/W1980024128","https://openalex.org/W1981056587","https://openalex.org/W1981727314","https://openalex.org/W1982646574","https://openalex.org/W1986900015","https://openalex.org/W1988536793","https://openalex.org/W1990767165","https://openalex.org/W1993007559","https://openalex.org/W1993180849","https://openalex.org/W1994048549","https://openalex.org/W1994884385","https://openalex.org/W1996509600","https://openalex.org/W1999032074","https://openalex.org/W1999357937","https://openalex.org/W1999734768","https://openalex.org/W1999992724","https://openalex.org/W2000938388","https://openalex.org/W2001100820","https://openalex.org/W2002337974","https://openalex.org/W2005863815","https://openalex.org/W2006023159","https://openalex.org/W2007924426","https://openalex.org/W2008407565","https://openalex.org/W2013488381","https://openalex.org/W2013775464","https://openalex.org/W2014978137","https://openalex.org/W2017885645","https://openalex.org/W2019505713","https://openalex.org/W2020106349","https://openalex.org/W2021422865","https://openalex.org/W2022744418","https://openalex.org/W2030501986","https://openalex.org/W2033674535","https://openalex.org/W2038331711","https://openalex.org/W2038456187","https://openalex.org/W2040004051","https://openalex.org/W2040899926","https://openalex.org/W2041915978","https://openalex.org/W2043321237","https://openalex.org/W2043458111","https://openalex.org/W2049087683","https://openalex.org/W2051488650","https://openalex.org/W2052709503","https://openalex.org/W2053618236","https://openalex.org/W2053802016","https://openalex.org/W2058248369","https://openalex.org/W2059491724","https://openalex.org/W2061784927","https://openalex.org/W2068171222","https://openalex.org/W2072495162","https://openalex.org/W2074619982","https://openalex.org/W2077945979","https://openalex.org/W2078570113","https://openalex.org/W2078685620","https://openalex.org/W2083346232","https://openalex.org/W2085114077","https://openalex.org/W2085969904","https://openalex.org/W2087827648","https://openalex.org/W2089454998","https://openalex.org/W2095024999","https://openalex.org/W2097898658","https://openalex.org/W2101735548","https://openalex.org/W2101822364","https://openalex.org/W2112697280","https://openalex.org/W2114468546","https://openalex.org/W2116247267","https://openalex.org/W2120583524","https://openalex.org/W2124648978","https://openalex.org/W2129207974","https://openalex.org/W2131824790","https://openalex.org/W2140040682","https://openalex.org/W2142927666","https://openalex.org/W2147531040","https://openalex.org/W2150770994","https://openalex.org/W2151646551","https://openalex.org/W2153973984","https://openalex.org/W2158313887","https://openalex.org/W2165021253","https://openalex.org/W2167142219","https://openalex.org/W2167687711","https://openalex.org/W2170944142","https://openalex.org/W2171199839","https://openalex.org/W2171941805","https://openalex.org/W2172152005","https://openalex.org/W2205741118","https://openalex.org/W2220135569","https://openalex.org/W2271768597","https://openalex.org/W2318529860","https://openalex.org/W2322788223","https://openalex.org/W2324500792","https://openalex.org/W2332008266","https://openalex.org/W2334387759","https://openalex.org/W2335138507","https://openalex.org/W2338268648","https://openalex.org/W2397136732","https://openalex.org/W2397807045","https://openalex.org/W2403475942","https://openalex.org/W2417170027","https://openalex.org/W2417809787","https://openalex.org/W2421572447","https://openalex.org/W2441068236","https://openalex.org/W2470299503","https://openalex.org/W2490490657","https://openalex.org/W2601157152","https://openalex.org/W2738185303","https://openalex.org/W2744065207","https://openalex.org/W2789651600","https://openalex.org/W2918007204","https://openalex.org/W2935855213","https://openalex.org/W2970677954","https://openalex.org/W3146647032","https://openalex.org/W3212367075","https://openalex.org/W4231247413","https://openalex.org/W4231847001","https://openalex.org/W4232100807","https://openalex.org/W4239854375","https://openalex.org/W4255575015","https://openalex.org/W4388361362","https://openalex.org/W6720369571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377158170","https://openalex.org/W1562327881","https://openalex.org/W2167142219","https://openalex.org/W1792769273","https://openalex.org/W2160340581","https://openalex.org/W2102909220","https://openalex.org/W1714987702","https://openalex.org/W4377158058","https://openalex.org/W3101899229","https://openalex.org/W2089454998"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}