{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052368183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","title":"Catastrophic responses to catastrophic risks","display_name":"Catastrophic responses to catastrophic risks","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052368183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","mag":"2052368183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00055799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106686155","display_name":"Journal of Risk and Uncertainty","issn_l":"0895-5646","issn":["0895-5646","1573-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Risk and Uncertainty","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016018614","display_name":"Richard Allen EPSTEIN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-7311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-7311"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016018614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89165398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2-3","first_page":"287","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-risk","display_name":"catastrophic risk","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-contracts","display_name":"insurance contracts","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-socialization","display_name":"risk socialization","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-hazard","display_name":"moral hazard","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvency-constraints","display_name":"solvency constraints","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-correlations","display_name":"loss correlations","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-subsidies","display_name":"insurance subsidies","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-pressure","display_name":"political pressure","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-location","display_name":"facility location","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-regulation","display_name":"risk regulation","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-losses","display_name":"catastrophic losses","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44454","display_name":"Moral hazard","level":3,"score":0.7169902324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778215004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137437","display_name":"Solvency","level":3,"score":0.7019360065460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5079322457313538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4833347499370575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.4753153920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4708138406276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46912074089050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.43643414974212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.41747185587882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3384428024291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.29267606139183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2277373969554901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.130361407995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12476181983947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09738758206367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.09649372100830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00055799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00055799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106686155","display_name":"Journal of Risk and Uncertainty","issn_l":"0895-5646","issn":["0895-5646","1573-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Risk and Uncertainty","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:journal_articles-1126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles/127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Articles","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218660154","https://openalex.org/W248911612","https://openalex.org/W658362610","https://openalex.org/W1488549703","https://openalex.org/W1519355114","https://openalex.org/W1561465079","https://openalex.org/W1974542367","https://openalex.org/W1986141849","https://openalex.org/W2021285241","https://openalex.org/W2087455033","https://openalex.org/W2095194673","https://openalex.org/W2147744438","https://openalex.org/W2150869534","https://openalex.org/W2460278594","https://openalex.org/W2472361471","https://openalex.org/W2795379120","https://openalex.org/W2797847244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014979500","https://openalex.org/W2910521116","https://openalex.org/W7099222796","https://openalex.org/W1512312653","https://openalex.org/W2181333451","https://openalex.org/W2531383900","https://openalex.org/W3124755994","https://openalex.org/W370422324","https://openalex.org/W275519764","https://openalex.org/W1487172717"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}