{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052293124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","title":"Type II mid-IR lasers operating above room temperature","display_name":"Type II mid-IR lasers operating above room temperature","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052293124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","mag":"2052293124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/el:19961057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149016011","display_name":"Electronics Letters","issn_l":"0013-5194","issn":["0013-5194","1350-911X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002856845","display_name":"Jay I. Malin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.I. Malin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071218728","display_name":"Christopher L. Felix","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.L. Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052757121","display_name":"Jerry R. Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-4659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-4659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108810230","display_name":"C. A. Hoffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.A. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040064878","display_name":"Joseph F. Pinto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.F. Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5600, Washington, DC 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030197554","display_name":"Chi\u2010Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-8675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-8675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.-H. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101961924","display_name":"P.C. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-7743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-7743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.C. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010527872","display_name":"Stefan J. Murry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.J. Murry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114200500","display_name":"S. S. Pei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.-S. Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99386913,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"17","first_page":"1593","last_page":"1595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.09269999712705612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-infrared-lasers","display_name":"mid-infrared lasers","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-temperature-operation","display_name":"room-temperature operation","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-optical-pumping","display_name":"pulsed optical pumping","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characteristic-temperature","display_name":"characteristic temperature","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-power-output","display_name":"high output power","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7718406319618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6805793046951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.644279956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.5823253989219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131321042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656685","display_name":"Operating temperature","level":2,"score":0.507644772529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985831756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107291880","display_name":"Maximum temperature","level":2,"score":0.41573137044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3152046799659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1327514350414276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.05443471670150757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/el:19961057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149016011","display_name":"Electronics Letters","issn_l":"0013-5194","issn":["0013-5194","1350-911X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013435913","https://openalex.org/W2021151119","https://openalex.org/W2038835254","https://openalex.org/W2047272789","https://openalex.org/W2064218028","https://openalex.org/W2117233300","https://openalex.org/W3139860501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139860501","https://openalex.org/W2027512091","https://openalex.org/W3147229826","https://openalex.org/W2014452472","https://openalex.org/W2059701059","https://openalex.org/W1976849309","https://openalex.org/W1585474425","https://openalex.org/W2022908483","https://openalex.org/W2543529069","https://openalex.org/W1996304064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser":[0],"emission":[1],"at":[2],"\u03bb":[3],"=":[4],"3.2":[5],"\u00b5m":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"observed":[9],"for":[10,49],"temperatures":[11],"up":[12,43],"to":[13,44],"350":[14],"K":[15],"in":[16,28],"pulsed":[17],"optical":[18],"pumping":[19],"experiments":[20],"on":[21],"type-II":[22],"quantum":[23],"well":[24],"lasers":[25],"with":[26],"four-constituents":[27],"each":[29],"period":[30],"(InAs-Ga0.7In0.3Sb-InAs-AlSb).":[31],"The":[32],"characteristic":[33],"temperature":[34],"is":[35],"68":[36],"K,":[37],"and":[38],"peak":[39],"output":[40],"powers":[41],"of":[42],"270":[45],"mW":[46],"are":[47],"obtained":[48],"ambient-temperature":[50],"operation.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
