{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052238496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","title":"Prevalence of Pulmonary tuberculosis and immunological profile of HIV co-infected patients in Northwest Ethiopia","display_name":"Prevalence of Pulmonary tuberculosis and immunological profile of HIV co-infected patients in Northwest Ethiopia","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052238496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","mag":"2052238496","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22738361","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3434071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","pdf_url":"https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100014455","display_name":"BMC Research Notes","issn_l":"1756-0500","issn":["1756-0500"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Research Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2052238496"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013298042","display_name":"Yitayih Wondimeneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-7404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-7404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8764889","display_name":"University of Gondar","ror":"https://ror.org/0595gz585","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitayih Wondimeneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia","Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063740940","display_name":"Dagnachew Muluye Fetene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-6580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-6580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8764889","display_name":"University of Gondar","ror":"https://ror.org/0595gz585","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dagnachew Muluye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia","Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058726648","display_name":"Yeshambel Belyhun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5747-4034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5747-4034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8764889","display_name":"University of Gondar","ror":"https://ror.org/0595gz585","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeshambel Belyhun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia","Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063740940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8764889"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1690},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1690},"fwci":2.4182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87350336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"331","last_page":"331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-tb-co-infection","display_name":"HIV/TB coinfection","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-prevalence","display_name":"tuberculosis prevalence","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-count","display_name":"CD4 count","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunological-profile","display_name":"immunological profile","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-clinical-staging","display_name":"WHO clinical stage","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy-initiation","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy initiation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northwest-ethiopia","display_name":"Northwest Ethiopia","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8838320970535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.8837425708770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5783628225326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5745663642883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.49631863832473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777761686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715347","display_name":"Lymphocyte","level":2,"score":0.49030449986457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4880942106246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.45060986280441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15973630547523499}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005002","descriptor_name":"Ethiopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006785","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, University","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013183","descriptor_name":"Sputum","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018791","descriptor_name":"CD4 Lymphocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060085","descriptor_name":"Coinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","pdf_url":"https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100014455","display_name":"BMC Research Notes","issn_l":"1756-0500","issn":["1756-0500"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Research Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2438799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3434071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22738361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22738361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC research notes","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3434071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3434071/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Res Notes","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7620caed19b491894c0911ccc8c2fde","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7620caed19b491894c0911ccc8c2fde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Research Notes, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 331 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","pdf_url":"https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1756-0500-5-331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100014455","display_name":"BMC Research Notes","issn_l":"1756-0500","issn":["1756-0500"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Research Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052238496.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052238496.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65775151","https://openalex.org/W69781419","https://openalex.org/W1923301306","https://openalex.org/W1973026245","https://openalex.org/W1976887165","https://openalex.org/W2002663369","https://openalex.org/W2022059426","https://openalex.org/W2032834929","https://openalex.org/W2039630338","https://openalex.org/W2055648403","https://openalex.org/W2077022677","https://openalex.org/W2079258823","https://openalex.org/W2087135471","https://openalex.org/W2103660106","https://openalex.org/W2104266543","https://openalex.org/W2155184671","https://openalex.org/W2315806009","https://openalex.org/W2319922541","https://openalex.org/W2418214606","https://openalex.org/W2795740701","https://openalex.org/W3154196951","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289253243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999082409","https://openalex.org/W2046705333","https://openalex.org/W2990484672","https://openalex.org/W2129192953","https://openalex.org/W2607127854","https://openalex.org/W3194740541","https://openalex.org/W2188447180","https://openalex.org/W2521159683","https://openalex.org/W3137797758","https://openalex.org/W2011835876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,166],"sub-Saharan":[2],"Africa,":[3],"as":[4,6],"high":[5,237],"2/3":[7],"of":[8,21,47,55,63,88,127,144,156,206,224,232,239,258],"tuberculosis":[9,15,65,107],"patients":[10,25,84,218],"are":[11,31],"HIV/AIDS":[12,24,86],"co-infected":[13,217],"and":[14,28,36,39,66,93,99,134,215,269],"is":[16,260],"the":[17,56,61,157,250],"most":[18],"common":[19],"cause":[20],"death":[22],"among":[23,70,81],"worldwide.":[26],"Tuberculosis":[27],"HIV":[29,71,146,207],"co-infections":[30],"associated":[32,184],"with":[33,185,229],"special":[34],"diagnostic":[35],"therapeutic":[37],"challenges":[38],"constitute":[40],"an":[41],"immense":[42],"burden":[43],"on":[44],"healthcare":[45],"systems":[46],"heavily":[48],"infected":[49],"countries":[50],"like":[51],"Ethiopia.":[52],"The":[53,130,201],"aim":[54],"study":[57,78,128,148,158],"was":[58,79,121,132,179,246],"to":[59,105,113,123,162,181,248,263],"determine":[60,114],"prevalence":[62,238],"pulmonary":[64,164],"their":[67,265,273],"immunologic":[68],"profiles":[69],"positive":[72,147],"patients.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"A":[75,118,142],"cross":[76],"sectional":[77],"conducted":[80],"adult":[82],"HIV-positive":[83],"attending":[85],"clinic":[87],"Gondar":[89],"University":[90],"Hospital.":[91],"Clinical":[92],"laboratory":[94],"investigations":[95],"including":[96],"chest":[97],"x-ray":[98],"acid":[100],"fast":[101],"staining":[102],"were":[103,111,150,160,195,210],"used":[104,122],"identify":[106],"cases.":[108],"Blood":[109],"samples":[110],"collected":[112],"CD4+":[115,170,203,221,243],"lymphocyte":[116,171,204,222,244],"count.":[117],"structured":[119],"questionnaire":[120],"collect":[124],"socio-demographic":[125],"characteristics":[126],"subjects.":[129],"data":[131],"entered":[133],"analyzed":[135],"using":[136],"SPSS":[137],"version":[138],"16":[139],"software.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"total":[143],"400":[145],"participants":[149,159,209],"enrolled.":[151],"Thirty":[152],"(7.5%,":[153],"95%CI:":[154],"5.2-10.6%)":[155],"found":[161,180,236,247],"have":[163],"tuberculosis.":[165],"multivariate":[167],"analysis,":[168],"only":[169,251],"count":[172,205,223,245],"(AOR":[173],"=":[174],"2.9;":[175],"95%":[176],"CI:":[177],"1.002-8.368)":[178],"be":[182,249],"independently":[183],"tuberculosis-HIV":[186,216,240],"co-infection.":[187,200,241,255],"Individuals":[188],"who":[189],"had":[190,219],"advanced":[191],"WHO":[192],"clinical":[193],"stage":[194],"also":[196],"statistically":[197],"significant":[198],"for":[199,254],"mean":[202,220],"mono-infected":[208],"296":[211],"\u00b1":[212,226],"192":[213],"Cells/mm3":[214,228],"199":[225],"149":[227],"p":[230],"value":[231],"0.007.":[233],"CONCLUSIONS:":[234],"We":[235],"Lower":[242],"predicting":[252],"factor":[253],"Early":[256],"detection":[257],"co-infection":[259],"very":[261],"necessary":[262],"prolong":[264],"ART":[266],"initiation":[267],"time":[268],"by":[270],"then":[271],"strengthening":[272],"immune":[274],"status.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}