{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052233111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","title":"Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Outcomes of Participation in Quality Circles: Conceptual and Empirical Findings","display_name":"Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Outcomes of Participation in Quality Circles: Conceptual and Empirical Findings","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052233111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","mag":"2052233111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021886388241004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168717511","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","issn_l":"0021-8863","issn":["0021-8863","1552-6879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029846648","display_name":"Robert P. Steel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. Steel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, AFITILSR, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, AFITILSR, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024097424","display_name":"Russell F. Lloyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253127","display_name":"United States Air Force Logistics Command","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9fry24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425","https://openalex.org/I4405253127"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell F. Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate Of Manpower and Organization, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force Logistics Command, HQAFLCIXRMR, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate Of Manpower and Organization, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force Logistics Command, HQAFLCIXRMR, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4405253127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93292145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.2897999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.2897999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.249099999666214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12905","display_name":"Management Systems and Quality Improvement","score":0.23909999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-circles","display_name":"quality circles","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-participation","display_name":"employee participation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-outcomes","display_name":"cognitive outcomes","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-learning-outcomes","display_name":"affective learning outcomes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-effects","display_name":"behavioral effects","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-evaluation-human-resources","display_name":"performance evaluation (human resources)","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-employees","display_name":"civilian workers","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-air-force","display_name":"United States Air Force","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equivalent-control-group-design","display_name":"non-equivalent control group design","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7332172393798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5878633856773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5661110877990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5562058687210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5312734842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4941699802875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4719483256340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46831613779067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119340705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597","display_name":"Analysis of covariance","level":2,"score":0.41484352946281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4107087254524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38953202962875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13970094919204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08228784799575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07515394687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021886388241004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168717511","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","issn_l":"0021-8863","issn":["0021-8863","1552-6879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37476018","https://openalex.org/W178813691","https://openalex.org/W252427121","https://openalex.org/W617959325","https://openalex.org/W630257621","https://openalex.org/W1555791436","https://openalex.org/W1562001379","https://openalex.org/W1587700009","https://openalex.org/W1965624051","https://openalex.org/W1967683420","https://openalex.org/W1968660238","https://openalex.org/W1974910880","https://openalex.org/W1982113685","https://openalex.org/W1990199118","https://openalex.org/W2000434546","https://openalex.org/W2001295907","https://openalex.org/W2006477274","https://openalex.org/W2014387860","https://openalex.org/W2017347909","https://openalex.org/W2038610102","https://openalex.org/W2047125192","https://openalex.org/W2048851713","https://openalex.org/W2060248621","https://openalex.org/W2060596409","https://openalex.org/W2060688635","https://openalex.org/W2062349704","https://openalex.org/W2067247338","https://openalex.org/W2069220903","https://openalex.org/W2083324175","https://openalex.org/W2094419105","https://openalex.org/W2109919928","https://openalex.org/W2117133584","https://openalex.org/W2129652806","https://openalex.org/W2164318965","https://openalex.org/W2169106160","https://openalex.org/W2169785179","https://openalex.org/W2169904399","https://openalex.org/W2320499040","https://openalex.org/W2325369472","https://openalex.org/W2420992250","https://openalex.org/W2796165965","https://openalex.org/W2796246511","https://openalex.org/W2797413859","https://openalex.org/W4298140396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W318730613","https://openalex.org/W1515681423","https://openalex.org/W2324063034","https://openalex.org/W2147585097","https://openalex.org/W7009715465","https://openalex.org/W1978367634","https://openalex.org/W192460758","https://openalex.org/W1964857930","https://openalex.org/W2240168459","https://openalex.org/W2117133584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Little":[0],"reliable":[1],"longitudinal":[2],"research":[3],"has":[4],"investigated":[5],"the":[6,17,41,68,85,92],"outcomes":[7],"of":[8,19,33,40,46,52,70,76,96],"participating":[9],"in":[10],"quality":[11],"circles":[12],"(QCs).":[13],"This":[14],"article":[15],"reports":[16],"results":[18,39],"such":[20],"a":[21,30,53,71],"study":[22,98],"whose":[23],"evaluation":[24],"criteria":[25],"were":[26],"developed":[27],"according":[28],"to":[29],"heuristic":[31],"model":[32],"key":[34],"cognitive,":[35],"affective,":[36],"and":[37,49,62,94,99],"behavioral":[38],"QC":[42,81],"process.":[43],"A":[44],"sample":[45],"225":[47],"military":[48],"civilian":[50],"employees":[51],"U.S.":[54],"Air":[55],"Force":[56],"base":[57],"was":[58],"evaluated":[59],"using":[60],"survey":[61],"performance":[63],"appraisal":[64],"measures":[65],"administered":[66],"within":[67],"framework":[69],"non-equivalent":[72],"control":[73],"design.":[74],"Analyses":[75],"covariance":[77],"yielded":[78],"evidence":[79],"that":[80],"participation":[82],"significantly":[83],"affected":[84],"study's":[86],"criterion":[87],"variables.":[88],"The":[89],"authors":[90],"discuss":[91],"limitations":[93],"implications":[95],"their":[97],"offer":[100],"suggestions":[101],"for":[102],"future":[103],"research.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}