{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052192152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","title":"Computer simulation of lot\u2010sizing algorithms in three\u2010stage multi\u2010echelon inventory systems","display_name":"Computer simulation of lot\u2010sizing algorithms in three\u2010stage multi\u2010echelon inventory systems","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052192152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","mag":"2052192152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142306484","display_name":"Journal of Operations Management","issn_l":"0272-6963","issn":["0272-6963","1873-1317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Operations Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111843649","display_name":"Hoo-Gon Choi\uf020","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoo\u2010Gon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022595622","display_name":"Eric M. Malstrom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric M. Malstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052697270","display_name":"Ronald J. Classen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald J. Classen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"259","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-echelon-inventory-systems","display_name":"multi-echelon inventory","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrp","display_name":"MRP","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalescence","display_name":"coalescence","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodic-order-quantity","display_name":"periodic order quantity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-order-quantity","display_name":"economic order quantity","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-production-quantity","display_name":"economic production quantity","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-period-balancing","display_name":"part period balancing","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wagner-whitin-algorithm","display_name":"Wagner-Whitin algorithm","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-patterns","display_name":"demand patterns","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inventory-cost-reduction","display_name":"inventory cost minimization","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-production","display_name":"job shop production","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.8097655177116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192365026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046829","display_name":"Holding cost","level":2,"score":0.5718204975128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5646899938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1199943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451299","display_name":"Economic order quantity","level":3,"score":0.4883882403373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.479220449924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.4329968988895416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3375052213668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2496088743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.11166125535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09611746668815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(84)90015-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142306484","display_name":"Journal of Operations Management","issn_l":"0272-6963","issn":["0272-6963","1873-1317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Operations Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636710258","https://openalex.org/W1551694893","https://openalex.org/W1986222473","https://openalex.org/W2040610035","https://openalex.org/W2107857629","https://openalex.org/W4238433418","https://openalex.org/W4256185527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993974528","https://openalex.org/W1986428481","https://openalex.org/W2024003523","https://openalex.org/W2167722638","https://openalex.org/W2070389578","https://openalex.org/W2026661361","https://openalex.org/W2069378176","https://openalex.org/W1967432705","https://openalex.org/W2076176681","https://openalex.org/W1993486972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,288],"paper":[2],"evaluates":[3],"conventional":[4],"lot\u2010sizing":[5,32,221],"rules":[6,79,336,424,437,507],"in":[7,36,266,293,367,408,418,471,486],"a":[8,101,111,121,154,207,294],"multi\u2010echelon":[9],"coalescence":[10],"MRP":[11],"system.":[12,476],"A":[13,66,128,192],"part":[14,161],"explosion":[15,162],"diagram":[16],"of":[17,85,96,107,117,137,149,165,203,218,238,269,281,283,296,305,315,322,330,346,354,369,377,388,410,422,445,474,479,497,503,527],"three":[18,114,228,380],"levels":[19,473],"and":[20,62,74,124,141,174,212,319,400,431,457],"twenty\u2010one":[21],"nodes":[22,481,489,518],"is":[23],"simulated":[24,91],"using":[25,69],"FORTRAN":[26],"IV":[27],"Level":[28],"G.":[29],"Nine":[30],"separate":[31,213,332],"methods":[33,40],"were":[34,177,184,225,264,451],"evaluated":[35,350],"this":[37,262,504],"analysis.":[38],"These":[39],"included":[41,110,265],"Lot":[42],"for":[43,179,209,235,261,278,516],"Lot,":[44],"Economic":[45,72,76,427,433],"Order":[46,49,73,361,428,477],"Quantity,":[47,50],"Periodic":[48,360],"Least":[51,54,392,396],"Total":[52,397],"Cost,":[53,56],"Unit":[55,393],"Part\u2010Period":[57],"Balancing,":[58],"the":[59,63,71,75,145,160,199,219,236,253,255,267,279,303,313,320,328,352,370,378,386,411,419,423,432,443,447,452,475,484,492,498,513,525],"Silver\u2010Meal":[60,455],"Algorithm,":[61],"Wagner\u2010Whitin":[64,453],"Algorithm.":[65],"hybrid":[67,129,436],"rule":[68,89,233,276,301,348,364,499],"both":[70],"Production":[77],"Quantity":[78,362,429,435],"was":[80,90,131,195,310,349,462],"also":[81],"evaluated.":[82,425],"The":[83,105,223,231,274,299,307,325,344,359,391,426],"performance":[84,345,407],"each":[86,180,217,284,347],"lot":[87,285],"sizing":[88,286],"over":[92,100,512],"nine":[93,371],"different":[94,115,220,472],"sets":[95],"market":[97],"requirements":[98,248,466],"patterns":[99,116,340,373,413],"twelve":[102],"month":[103],"period.":[104],"types":[106],"demand":[108,339,372,412],"variation":[109],"constant":[112],"rate,":[113],"normally":[118],"distributed":[119],"demand,":[120],"random":[122],"pattern,":[123],"two":[125,376],"cyclic":[126,142],"patterns.":[127],"pattern":[130,147],"used":[132],"which":[133],"equally":[134],"weighted":[135],"components":[136],"constant,":[138],"random,":[139],"normal,":[140],"demand.":[143,298],"Finally,":[144],"ninth":[146],"consisted":[148,202],"actual":[150],"data":[151,210],"obtained":[152],"from":[153,186],"job":[155],"shop":[156],"manufacturing":[157],"facility.":[158],"Within":[159],"diagram,":[163],"ratios":[164],"setup":[166],"cost":[167,309],"to":[168,197,215,244,252,468,490,521],"carrying":[169],"cost,":[170,446],"\u201cgoes":[171],"into\u201d":[172],"quantities,":[173],"lead":[175],"times":[176],"assigned":[178],"node.":[181,273],"Assigned":[182],"values":[183],"selected":[185],"uniform":[187],"distributions":[188],"with":[189],"prespecified":[190],"ranges.":[191],"computer":[193],"model":[194],"developed":[196],"perform":[198,522],"simulation.":[200],"It":[201,461],"an":[204,291],"executive":[205],"program,":[206],"routine":[208],"generation,":[211],"routines":[214],"exercise":[216],"rules.":[222,230,460],"simulations":[224],"conducted":[226],"under":[227],"operational":[229],"first":[232,256],"allowed":[234],"establishment":[237],"initial":[239],"inventories":[240],"just":[241],"large":[242],"enough":[243],"\u201ccover\u201d":[245],"those":[246,506],"gross":[247,465],"that":[249,464,508],"occurred":[250],"prior":[251],"time":[254],"order":[257,292,494],"arrived.":[258],"Carrying":[259],"costs":[260,271],"stock":[263],"computation":[268,304],"total":[270,308,355,528],"per":[272],"second":[275,384],"provided":[277],"delay":[280],"application":[282],"rule.":[287],"avoided":[289],"receiving":[290],"period":[295],"zero":[297],"third":[300],"addressed":[302],"costs.":[306,390],"computed":[311],"on":[312,351,385,524],"basis":[314,353,387,444,526],"average":[316],"inventory":[317,357,529],"level":[318,488],"number":[321],"required":[323,327],"setups.":[324],"analysis":[326],"completion":[329],"1701":[331],"simulation":[333],"runs":[334],"(9":[335],"X":[337,341],"9":[338],"21":[342],"nodes).":[343],"annual":[356],"cost.":[358,530],"(POQ)":[363],"performed":[365,438],"best":[366],"six":[368],"analyzed.":[374,414],"In":[375],"remaining":[379],"cases,":[381],"it":[382],"ranked":[383,417],"minimizing":[389],"Cost":[394,398],"(LUC),":[395],"(LTC),":[399],"Pan\u2010Period":[401],"Balancing":[402],"(PPB)":[403],"algorithms":[404],"demonstrated":[405],"identical":[406],"four":[409],"Generally,":[415],"they":[416],"upper":[420],"half":[421],"(EOQ)":[430],"Order/Production":[434],"only":[439],"moderately":[440],"well.":[441],"On":[442],"consistent":[448],"worst":[449],"performers":[450],"(WW),":[454],"(SM),":[456],"Lot\u2010for\u2010Lot":[458],"(LFL)":[459],"found":[463],"tend":[467,520],"occur":[469],"sporadically":[470],"policies":[478,485],"parent":[480,517],"often":[482,519],"cause":[483],"higher":[487],"resemble":[491],"lot\u2010for\u2010lot":[493],"philosophy,":[495],"regardless":[496],"being":[500],"used.":[501],"Because":[502],"phenomenon,":[505],"generate":[509],"fewer":[510],"orders":[511],"planning":[514],"horizon":[515],"better":[523]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
