{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052110010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","title":"Abnormal Hippocampal Neurochemistry in Smokers: Evidence From Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 T","display_name":"Abnormal Hippocampal Neurochemistry in Smokers: Evidence From Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 T","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052110010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","mag":"2052110010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17224719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76849566","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0271-0749","issn":["0271-0749","1533-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018388957","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Gallinat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-5843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-5843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738228","display_name":"Stiftung Charit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/016rf0n60","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738228","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Gallinat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin, Germany. juergen.gallinat@charite.de","Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin, Germany. juergen.gallinat@charite.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738228","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009127344","display_name":"Undine Emmi Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-6533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-6533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Undine E. Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086507532","display_name":"Leslie K. Jacobsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie K. Jacobsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047580809","display_name":"Malek Bajbouj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-3322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-3322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malek Bajbouj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin and \u2225Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin and \u2225Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067976737","display_name":"Peter Kalus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kalus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021044881","display_name":"Dorothea von Haebler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorothea von Haebler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Mitte (PUK Charit\u00e9 SHK), Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102805495","display_name":"Frank C. Seifert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-2528","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-2528"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Seifert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Florian Schubert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Schubert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018388957","https://openalex.org/A5021044881","https://openalex.org/A5067976737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738228","https://openalex.org/I7877124"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96592781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"80","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.8618000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.8618000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11818","display_name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","score":0.09430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11633","display_name":"Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cingulate-cortex","display_name":"anterior cingulate cortex","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylaspartate","display_name":"N-acetylaspartate","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-choline","display_name":"total choline","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1h-nmr-spectroscopy","display_name":"1H NMR","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-integrity","display_name":"neuronal integrity","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pack-years","display_name":"pack-years","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory-deficits","display_name":"working memory deficits","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurogenesis","display_name":"neurogenesis","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.8167940378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.7123437523841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.7023894786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.6462020874023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386268","display_name":"Tobacco smoke","level":2,"score":0.5677793622016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5488994717597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781123555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193166","display_name":"Choline","level":2,"score":0.5312946438789368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13260007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3825159","display_name":"Radial arm maze","level":4,"score":0.49899935722351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121931","display_name":"Anterior cingulate cortex","level":3,"score":0.48475000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786278","display_name":"Neurochemistry","level":3,"score":0.4685652554035187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4582814574241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.4460050165653229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4006195068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.38333895802497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3620748519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.31631404161453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30636733770370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.254987508058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.24701356887817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.17367491126060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001224","descriptor_name":"Aspartic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001224","descriptor_name":"Aspartic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002794","descriptor_name":"Choline","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006179","descriptor_name":"Gyrus Cinguli","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802dffde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76849566","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0271-0749","issn":["0271-0749","1533-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17224719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17224719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical psychopharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509839138","https://openalex.org/W1823225248","https://openalex.org/W1849159432","https://openalex.org/W1963940970","https://openalex.org/W1972295228","https://openalex.org/W1977207248","https://openalex.org/W1980050010","https://openalex.org/W1980556104","https://openalex.org/W1983036753","https://openalex.org/W1985391801","https://openalex.org/W1986903834","https://openalex.org/W2003318537","https://openalex.org/W2006829255","https://openalex.org/W2009071139","https://openalex.org/W2023630108","https://openalex.org/W2023794288","https://openalex.org/W2031851753","https://openalex.org/W2034270961","https://openalex.org/W2035738782","https://openalex.org/W2036495407","https://openalex.org/W2038543194","https://openalex.org/W2039396477","https://openalex.org/W2041236833","https://openalex.org/W2042886270","https://openalex.org/W2043116378","https://openalex.org/W2046356818","https://openalex.org/W2049362778","https://openalex.org/W2051715015","https://openalex.org/W2053813390","https://openalex.org/W2058969421","https://openalex.org/W2070831700","https://openalex.org/W2082703403","https://openalex.org/W2099014233","https://openalex.org/W2099472040","https://openalex.org/W2103213307","https://openalex.org/W2106080976","https://openalex.org/W2107774194","https://openalex.org/W2122972371","https://openalex.org/W2127854791","https://openalex.org/W2138096904","https://openalex.org/W2139806709","https://openalex.org/W2151250026","https://openalex.org/W2156768950","https://openalex.org/W2159927205","https://openalex.org/W3146867807","https://openalex.org/W3171418018","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142032855","https://openalex.org/W7155496548","https://openalex.org/W1978832723","https://openalex.org/W2049002562","https://openalex.org/W2166367939","https://openalex.org/W4387023707","https://openalex.org/W1981101649","https://openalex.org/W2299087924","https://openalex.org/W1977376314","https://openalex.org/W2093600607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"In":[1,57],"animals,":[2],"nicotine,":[3,210],"the":[4,68,77,98,130,136,144,241],"primary":[5],"psychoactive":[6],"constituent":[7],"of":[8,49,70,76,87,162,177,206,240],"tobacco":[9,23,55,106,166,191,200,207],"smoke,":[10,208],"reduces":[11],"neurogenesis":[12],"and":[13,20,36,79,92,101,108,115,146,185,198],"increases":[14],"cell":[15,218],"loss":[16],"in":[17,39,53,97,103,124,129,135,143,150,181,189,232],"both":[18],"hippocampus":[19,78,100,132],"cortex.":[21],"Accordingly,":[22],"smoking":[24,72],"has":[25],"been":[26],"linked":[27],"to":[28,66,127,165,224],"reduced":[29,123],"performance":[30],"on":[31,73],"cognitive":[32],"paradigms":[33],"requiring":[34],"attention":[35],"working":[37,186],"memory":[38,187],"humans.":[40],"However,":[41,153],"few":[42],"prior":[43,175],"studies":[44],"have":[45],"tested":[46],"for":[47,112],"evidence":[48,226],"structural":[50],"brain":[51],"alterations":[52],"human":[54,190,233],"smokers.":[56,192],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"proton":[60],"magnetic":[61],"resonance":[62],"spectroscopy":[63],"was":[64,121,157],"used":[65],"assess":[67],"effects":[69,231],"chronic":[71,105],"neuronal":[74,179],"integrity":[75],"anterior":[80],"cingulate":[81],"cortex":[82],"(ACC).":[83],"METHODS:":[84],"Absolute":[85],"concentrations":[86,149],"N-acetylaspartate,":[88],"total":[89,93,147],"choline":[90],"(tCho),":[91],"creatine":[94,148],"were":[95,139],"measured":[96],"left":[99,131],"ACC":[102,154],"13":[104,109],"smokers":[107,125],"nonsmokers":[110,128],"matched":[111],"age,":[113],"sex,":[114],"education.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"The":[118,170,193],"N-acetylaspartate":[119],"concentration":[120,156],"significantly":[122],"relative":[126],"but":[133],"not":[134],"ACC.":[137],"There":[138],"no":[140],"group":[141],"differences":[142],"tCho":[145,155,197],"either":[151],"voxel.":[152],"positively":[158],"correlated":[159],"with":[160,174],"magnitude":[161],"lifetime":[163,199],"exposure":[164,201],"smoke":[167],"(pack-years).":[168],"CONCLUSION:":[169],"results":[171,222],"are":[172],"consistent":[173],"observations":[176],"hippocampal":[178],"damage":[180],"rodents":[182],"receiving":[183],"nicotine":[184,228],"deficits":[188],"positive":[194],"relationship":[195],"between":[196],"suggests":[202],"that":[203,227],"a":[204,237],"component":[205],"presumably":[209],"may":[211],"increase":[212],"cortical":[213],"membrane":[214],"turnover":[215],"or":[216],"modify":[217],"density.":[219],"Together,":[220],"these":[221],"add":[223],"growing":[225],"exerts":[229],"neurotoxic":[230],"brain,":[234],"although":[235],"an":[236],"priori":[238],"nature":[239],"findings":[242],"cannot":[243],"be":[244],"ruled":[245],"out.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}