{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051966489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","title":"Social Science and the Policy-Making Process","display_name":"Social Science and the Policy-Making Process","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051966489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","mag":"2051966489","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6841057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3561557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33843192","display_name":"The Hastings Center Report","issn_l":"0093-0334","issn":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Hastings Center Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051884239","display_name":"Bruce Jennings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-2420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-2420"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Jennings","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109859751","display_name":"Daniel Callahan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Callahan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33841754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13765","display_name":"Social Science and Policy Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13765","display_name":"Social Science and Policy Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-analysis","display_name":"policy analysis","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology-of-social-science","display_name":"epistemology of social science","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-framing","display_name":"policy framing","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-surveys","display_name":"social surveys","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/james-s-coleman","display_name":"James Coleman","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-impact-on-policy","display_name":"research impact on policy","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5628312826156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020009124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156854","display_name":"Policy making","level":2,"score":0.4217202067375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3898298144340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38283634185791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3711375594139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35780394077301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2268468737602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2025100588798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011050","descriptor_name":"Policy Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012942","descriptor_name":"Social Sciences","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3561557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3561557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33843192","display_name":"The Hastings Center Report","issn_l":"0093-0334","issn":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Hastings Center Report","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6841057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6841057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Hastings Center report","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/797325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Social+science+and+the+policy-making+process&title=Hastings+Center+Report+&volume=13&issue=1&spage=s3-s8&date=1983-02&au=Jennings,+Bruce,+and+Callahan,+Daniel","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:45852","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083411987","https://openalex.org/W2146097368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W235114111","https://openalex.org/W121022663","https://openalex.org/W1775525299","https://openalex.org/W2043625399","https://openalex.org/W1983640226","https://openalex.org/W2905003441","https://openalex.org/W2008143949","https://openalex.org/W2314479923","https://openalex.org/W2900619562","https://openalex.org/W286848937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"social":[0,35,52,77,115,144,171,214,243,258,290,318,344],"science":[1,215,259],"in":[2,136,153,181,250,252,266,280],"policy":[3,67,120,128,148,179,221,230,236,255],"making":[4],"simpliciter":[5],"as":[6,123,163,192],"if":[7],"there":[8],"were":[9],"one":[10,25],"constant":[11],"relationship":[12],"between":[13,62],"two":[14],"fixed":[15],"and":[16,57,59,65,76,91,105,160,196,200,210,234,248,263,272,329,347],"stable":[17],"entities.":[18],"Instead,":[19],"to":[20,70,205,268,311],"address":[21],"this":[22,322],"issue":[23],"sensibly,":[24],"must":[26],"talk":[27],"about":[28],"the":[29,49,60,63,66,74,84,86,96,124,131,141,165,168,182,208,240,302,313,317,340,350],"uses":[30],"of":[31,34,41,51,80,88,103,126,143,157,170,187,213,242,316,335,343],"different":[32,39],"modes":[33],"scientific":[36,53,78,145,172,244,345],"inquiry":[37],"for":[38,261],"kinds":[40],"policies":[42],"under":[43],"various":[44],"circumstances.":[45],"In":[46],"some":[47],"cases,":[48,140],"influence":[50,142,241],"research":[54,146,173],"is":[55,68,149,246,277],"direct":[56],"tangible,":[58],"connection":[61],"findings":[64,169],"easy":[69],"see.":[71],"For":[72],"example,":[73],"statistical":[75],"analyses":[79],"data":[81],"generated":[82],"by":[83,130,178,222,297],"census,":[85],"Bureau":[87],"Labor":[89],"Statistics,":[90],"similar":[92],"government":[93],"surveys":[94,116],"are":[95,108,174],"bases":[97],"upon":[98,177],"which":[99,229],"a":[100,154,224,332],"wide":[101],"variety":[102],"legislative":[104],"administrative":[106],"decisions":[107],"made.":[109],"Similarly":[110],"influential":[111],"have":[112,202,216,294],"been":[113,295],"large-scale":[114],"directed":[117],"at":[118],"specific":[119],"issues,":[121],"such":[122],"studies":[125],"educational":[127],"conducted":[129],"sociologist":[132],"James":[133],"Coleman.":[134],"However,":[135],"other":[137,253,285],"(perhaps":[138],"most)":[139],"on":[147,220],"indirect-one":[150],"small":[151],"piece":[152],"larger":[155],"mosaic":[156],"politics,":[158],"bargaining,":[159],"compromise.":[161],"Occasionally,":[162],"with":[164],"Coleman":[166],"studies,":[167],"explicitly":[175],"drawn":[176],"makers":[180,231,256],"formation,":[183],"implementation,":[184],"or":[185,283],"evaluation":[186],"particular":[188],"policies.":[189],"More":[190],"often,":[191],"Charles":[193],"E.":[194],"Lindblom":[195],"David":[197],"K.":[198],"Cohen":[199],"others":[201],"taken":[203],"pains":[204],"point":[206],"out,":[207],"categories":[209],"theoretical":[211],"models":[212],"an":[217],"indirect":[218],"bearing":[219],"providing":[223],"general":[225,325],"background":[226],"orientation":[227],"within":[228],"conceptualize":[232],"problems":[233],"frame":[235],"options.'":[237],"At":[238],"times,":[239],"work":[245],"cognitive":[247],"informational":[249],"nature;":[251],"instances,":[254],"use":[257],"primarily":[260],"symbolic":[262],"political":[264,286,303],"purposes":[265],"order":[267],"legitimate":[269],"pre-established":[270],"goals":[271],"strategies.":[273],"This":[274],"latter":[275],"situation":[276],"probably":[278],"inevitable":[279],"our":[281,336],"own":[282],"any":[284],"system,":[287],"but":[288],"many":[289],"scientists-particularly":[291],"those":[292],"who":[293],"bloodied":[296],"their":[298],"occasional":[299],"forays":[300],"into":[301],"arena-find":[304],"it":[305,309],"deeply":[306],"disturbing":[307],"because":[308],"seems":[310],"compromise":[312],"intellectual":[314],"integrity":[315],"sciences.":[319],"Nonetheless,":[320],"amid":[321],"diversity,":[323],"troubling":[324],"questions":[326],"persistently":[327],"arise":[328],"these":[330],"became":[331],"central":[333],"part":[334],"project.":[337],"They":[338],"concern":[339],"epistemological":[341],"validity":[342],"knowledge":[346],"its":[348],"applicability,":[349],"proper":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
