{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051810784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","title":"Cheap Plot Tricks, Plot Holes, and Narrative Design","display_name":"Cheap Plot Tricks, Plot Holes, and Narrative Design","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051810784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","mag":"2051810784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/nar.0.0016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174608640","display_name":"Narrative","issn_l":"1063-3685","issn":["1063-3685","1538-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315752","host_organization_name":"Ohio State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ohio State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Narrative","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069204734","display_name":"Marie\u2010Laure Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2680-9118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2680-9118"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Laure Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069204734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8896,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9893273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13024","display_name":"Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14092","display_name":"Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-design","display_name":"narrative design","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-logic","display_name":"narrative logic","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-goals","display_name":"character goals","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-assessment","display_name":"narrative assessment","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aristotle-s-poetics","display_name":"Aristotle's Poetics","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narratology","display_name":"narrative theory","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.918580174446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6830196380615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.45924097299575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3404064178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12453341484069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08989283442497253}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/nar.0.0016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174608640","display_name":"Narrative","issn_l":"1063-3685","issn":["1063-3685","1538-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315752","host_organization_name":"Ohio State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ohio State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Narrative","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/256471","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/nar.0.0016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0016","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/256471/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174608640","display_name":"Narrative","issn_l":"1063-3685","issn":["1063-3685","1538-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315752","host_organization_name":"Ohio State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ohio State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Narrative","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051810784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051810784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165543072","https://openalex.org/W612614386","https://openalex.org/W1488463210","https://openalex.org/W1560670648","https://openalex.org/W1568258739","https://openalex.org/W1945580379","https://openalex.org/W2016738977","https://openalex.org/W2029810113","https://openalex.org/W2038014947","https://openalex.org/W2044491728","https://openalex.org/W2055421862","https://openalex.org/W2068522818","https://openalex.org/W2073648856","https://openalex.org/W2080870014","https://openalex.org/W2164151984","https://openalex.org/W2325884349","https://openalex.org/W2329040514","https://openalex.org/W2331786647","https://openalex.org/W2531179112","https://openalex.org/W2797289323","https://openalex.org/W3150179123","https://openalex.org/W4239216156","https://openalex.org/W4300117588","https://openalex.org/W4302411475","https://openalex.org/W6678369819","https://openalex.org/W7005098778","https://openalex.org/W7034340901","https://openalex.org/W7052561229","https://openalex.org/W7058298162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253899623","https://openalex.org/W2800285590","https://openalex.org/W51409970","https://openalex.org/W4213164259","https://openalex.org/W1525005513","https://openalex.org/W2014389389","https://openalex.org/W4388258882","https://openalex.org/W4220894754","https://openalex.org/W2998821299","https://openalex.org/W6888436511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,146],"narrative,":[1],"plot":[221],"exists":[3],"on":[4,108,229],"two":[5,153],"levels:":[6],"the":[7,10,14,17,20,51,55,64,73,79,82,88,97,109,132,136,177,183,201,230,236,246,266],"plotting":[8,18,39],"of":[9,19,40,75,81,90,135,155,232,251,270],"author,":[11,52,178],"who":[12,22,57],"creates":[13],"storyline;":[15],"and":[16,28,30,43,71,167,254,257],"characters,":[21,65,137],"set":[23],"goals,":[24],"devise":[25],"plans,":[26],"schemes":[27],"conspiracies,":[29],"try":[31],"to":[32,35,47,95,103,151,181,213,265],"arrange":[33],"events":[34,233],"their":[36,143],"advantage.":[37],"The":[38,92,196],"both":[41,252],"author":[42,83,93,166],"characters":[44,98],"is":[45,129,215],"meant":[46],"exercise":[48],"control:":[49],"for":[50,63],"control":[53,66],"over":[54,67,72],"reader,":[56,110],"must":[58],"undergo":[59],"a":[60,105,207],"certain":[61,106],"experience;":[62],"other":[68,197],"char-":[69],"acters":[70],"randomness":[74],"life.":[76],"But":[77],"sometimes":[78],"goals":[80,89],"are":[84],"at":[85],"odds":[86],"with":[87,142],"characters.":[91],"needs":[94],"make":[96],"take":[99],"par-":[100],"ticular":[101],"actions":[102],"produce":[104],"effect":[107],"such":[111],"as":[112,220],"intense":[113],"suspense,":[114],"cu-":[115],"riosity,":[116],"or":[117,138,203],"emotional":[118],"involvement;":[119],"but":[120],"acting":[121],"toward":[122],"this":[123,147,163,190,226],"situation":[124],"defies":[125],"narrative":[126],"logic,":[127],"because":[128],"not":[130,139],"in":[131,140],"best":[133],"interest":[134],"line":[141],"per-":[144],"sonality.":[145],"article":[148],"I":[149,188,240,258],"propose":[150],"investigate":[152],"types":[154],"aesthetically":[156],"deficient":[157],"twists":[159],"that":[160,211,234],"arise":[161],"from":[162,199,245],"conflict":[164],"between":[165],"character":[168],"goals.":[169],"One":[170],"in-":[171],"volves":[172],"an":[173,179,261],"active":[174],"intervention":[175],"by":[176],"attempt":[180],"fix":[182],"problem":[184],"through":[185],"hackneyed":[186],"devices;":[187],"call":[189],"cheap":[191],"tricks":[193],"(henceforth":[194,223],"CPT).":[195],"results":[198],"ignoring":[200],"problem,":[202],"covering":[204],"it":[205],"up,":[206],"strategy":[208],"(or":[209],"omission)":[210],"leads":[212],"what":[214],"known":[216],"among":[217],"film":[218],"writers":[219],"holes":[222],"PH).":[224],"Through":[225],"em-":[227],"phasis":[228],"kind":[231],"makes":[235],"sophisticated":[237],"reader":[238],"groan,":[239],"will":[241,259],"be":[242],"breaking":[243],"away":[244],"almost":[247],"exclusively":[248],"descriptive":[249],"tradition":[250],"classical":[253],"postclassical":[255],"narratology,":[256],"adopt":[260],"evaluative":[262],"stance":[263],"closer":[264],"prescrip-":[267],"tive":[268],"spirit":[269],"Aristotle's":[271],"Poetics.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
