{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051658593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","title":"Epitope- and Antigen-specific Cancer Vaccines","display_name":"Epitope- and Antigen-specific Cancer Vaccines","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051658593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","mag":"2051658593","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1779173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/08830189109114874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19733918","display_name":"International Reviews of Immunology","issn_l":"0883-0185","issn":["0883-0185","1026-8006","1563-5244"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Reviews of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021976445","display_name":"Dorothee Herlyn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322052","display_name":"The Wistar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wncat98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothee Herlyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004235251","display_name":"Alban J. Linnenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-381X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-381X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322052","display_name":"The Wistar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wncat98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alban Linnenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050328478","display_name":"Hilary Koprowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322052","display_name":"The Wistar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wncat98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Koprowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028792712","display_name":"Meenhard Herlyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-0739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-0739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322052","display_name":"The Wistar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wncat98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meenhard Herlyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19161677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"245","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-vaccines","display_name":"cancer vaccines","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-idiotypic-antibodies","display_name":"anti-idiotypic antibodies","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-associated-antigens","display_name":"tumor-associated antigens","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humoral-immunity","display_name":"humoral immunity","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-immunity","display_name":"cell-mediated immunity","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-clones","display_name":"T cell clones","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-growth-inhibition","display_name":"tumor growth inhibition","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-tolerance","display_name":"immune tolerance","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-density","display_name":"antibody density","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195616568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128711","display_name":"Epitope","level":3,"score":0.8889029026031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.6050873398780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5741214752197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5508008599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5280982851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778378633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2378309","display_name":"Cancer vaccine","level":4,"score":0.5255445241928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5152094960212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.5140784978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.5008223056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.46291878819465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4550822675228119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.4514457583427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.4390430748462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.42665329575538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776662205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2459684","display_name":"Tumor antigen","level":4,"score":0.42500361800193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.41392937302589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.04984980821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000888","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000951","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007109","descriptor_name":"Immunity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014612","descriptor_name":"Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016233","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy, Active","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/08830189109114874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08830189109114874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19733918","display_name":"International Reviews of Immunology","issn_l":"0883-0185","issn":["0883-0185","1026-8006","1563-5244"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Reviews of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1779173","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1779173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International reviews of immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3222219368","display_name":"INDUCTION OF ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY BY ANTI-IDIOTYPES","funder_award_id":"5r01ca043735-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3471318205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-10815","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4041298426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-25874","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4140016802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-43735","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6251920866","display_name":"Human Melanoma:   Etiology, Progression and Therapy","funder_award_id":"P01CA025874","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000906427","display_name":"Consolidated Basic Cancer Research Program","funder_award_id":"P30CA010815","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122161374","https://openalex.org/W172399221","https://openalex.org/W228426381","https://openalex.org/W308057146","https://openalex.org/W1479792841","https://openalex.org/W1482788763","https://openalex.org/W1485771066","https://openalex.org/W1492473590","https://openalex.org/W1508296497","https://openalex.org/W1510526370","https://openalex.org/W1511687273","https://openalex.org/W1514911140","https://openalex.org/W1516463428","https://openalex.org/W1517655089","https://openalex.org/W1522872776","https://openalex.org/W1523539012","https://openalex.org/W1534497717","https://openalex.org/W1539251906","https://openalex.org/W1540570401","https://openalex.org/W1583333458","https://openalex.org/W1585293475","https://openalex.org/W1587916620","https://openalex.org/W1595402802","https://openalex.org/W1596712608","https://openalex.org/W1605432771","https://openalex.org/W1605967749","https://openalex.org/W1606970520","https://openalex.org/W1636604504","https://openalex.org/W1670708191","https://openalex.org/W1671088473","https://openalex.org/W1754513839","https://openalex.org/W1813204405","https://openalex.org/W1933647026","https://openalex.org/W1962335769","https://openalex.org/W1965293165","https://openalex.org/W1966949480","https://openalex.org/W1974824493","https://openalex.org/W1976407488","https://openalex.org/W1977140281","https://openalex.org/W1978373623","https://openalex.org/W1981218638","https://openalex.org/W1981226754","https://openalex.org/W1982782378","https://openalex.org/W1984183901","https://openalex.org/W1984452197","https://openalex.org/W1998121629","https://openalex.org/W1998335820","https://openalex.org/W2000671035","https://openalex.org/W2007924699","https://openalex.org/W2011368855","https://openalex.org/W2017286440","https://openalex.org/W2021411558","https://openalex.org/W2022290983","https://openalex.org/W2024563799","https://openalex.org/W2024855477","https://openalex.org/W2029714766","https://openalex.org/W2031725944","https://openalex.org/W2034018980","https://openalex.org/W2034070710","https://openalex.org/W2037727282","https://openalex.org/W2040846175","https://openalex.org/W2045715266","https://openalex.org/W2046560815","https://openalex.org/W2046907336","https://openalex.org/W2047055248","https://openalex.org/W2048025181","https://openalex.org/W2052688313","https://openalex.org/W2054498037","https://openalex.org/W2059922001","https://openalex.org/W2060358477","https://openalex.org/W2063593814","https://openalex.org/W2068920805","https://openalex.org/W2076328260","https://openalex.org/W2077863171","https://openalex.org/W2080724710","https://openalex.org/W2081356638","https://openalex.org/W2085414514","https://openalex.org/W2089145230","https://openalex.org/W2089954703","https://openalex.org/W2092810942","https://openalex.org/W2109338036","https://openalex.org/W2109980291","https://openalex.org/W2132864109","https://openalex.org/W2133514770","https://openalex.org/W2140672059","https://openalex.org/W2140884608","https://openalex.org/W2146945583","https://openalex.org/W2150409289","https://openalex.org/W2159352345","https://openalex.org/W2159739541","https://openalex.org/W2160034641","https://openalex.org/W2160094025","https://openalex.org/W2164102491","https://openalex.org/W2164658118","https://openalex.org/W2166220684","https://openalex.org/W2166978560","https://openalex.org/W2175553381","https://openalex.org/W2243393118","https://openalex.org/W2269886648","https://openalex.org/W2399703684","https://openalex.org/W2907740164","https://openalex.org/W2970722035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418384466","https://openalex.org/W2177531401","https://openalex.org/W2071233543","https://openalex.org/W2409127913","https://openalex.org/W2086385393","https://openalex.org/W1967294666","https://openalex.org/W2091007960","https://openalex.org/W2036531964","https://openalex.org/W2077068169","https://openalex.org/W57703981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anti-idiotypic":[0],"antibodies":[1,46,160],"(Ab2)":[2,154],"that":[3,136,176],"functionally":[4],"mimic":[5,126],"epitopes":[6,135],"associated":[7],"with":[8],"human":[9,56,70],"cancer":[10,16,28,40,76,104,224],"cells":[11,181],"are":[12,137,227],"the":[13,31,49,173,184,189,211,251],"most":[14],"specific":[15,23,113,194],"vaccines":[17,155,218],"currently":[18],"available.":[19],"Ab2":[20,34,204,242],"can":[21],"induce":[22,112],"humoral":[24],"anti-tumor":[25],"immunity":[26,38,68,116],"in":[27,39,93,117,147,183,205,223],"patients.":[29,105],"However,":[30],"potential":[32],"of":[33,75,99,103,172,186,191,193,214,217,240],"for":[35,52,64,101,246],"inducing":[36,65],"cellular":[37],"patients":[41,225],"still":[42],"requires":[43],"demonstration.":[44],"Clonotypic":[45],"directed":[47],"against":[48,69],"combining":[50],"site":[51],"tumor":[53,107,149,157,167,187,201],"Ag":[54,88,100,108,132,140,202,245],"on":[55,163,166],"T-cell":[57,67],"clones":[58],"may":[59,125,143],"provide":[60],"highly":[61],"effective":[62,146],"reagents":[63],"protective":[66,115],"cancer.":[71],"A":[72],"new":[73],"generation":[74],"vaccines,":[77,141],"molecularly":[78],"cloned":[79],"tumor-associated":[80],"antigens":[81],"(Ag),":[82],"has":[83,219],"recently":[84],"been":[85,90],"developed.":[86],"Recombinant":[87,106],"have":[89],"successfully":[91],"expressed":[92,233],"vectors":[94],"allowing":[95],"large":[96],"scale":[97],"production":[98],"immunization":[102],"was":[109],"shown":[110],"to":[111,122,220,230],"and":[114,179,196,203,243],"experimental":[118,206],"animals.":[119],"In":[120,170],"contrast":[121],"Ab2,":[123],"which":[124],"a":[127],"single":[128,152,247],"cancer-associated":[129],"epitope,":[130],"recombinant":[131,200,244],"express":[133],"multiple":[134],"potentially":[138],"immunogenic.":[139],"therefore,":[142],"be":[144,221],"more":[145],"arresting":[148],"growth":[150],"than":[151],"epitope":[153],"because":[156],"destruction":[158],"by":[159,199,234],"is":[161,208],"dependent":[162],"antibody":[164],"density":[165],"cell":[168],"surfaces.":[169],"light":[171],"important":[174],"roles":[175],"both":[177,215,241],"B":[178,195],"T":[180,197],"play":[182],"control":[185],"growth,":[188],"demonstration":[190],"induction":[192],"cell-immunity":[198],"animals":[207],"encouraging.":[209],"Ultimately,":[210],"immunomodulatory":[212],"role":[213],"types":[216],"compared":[222],"who":[226],"immunologically":[228],"tolerant":[229],"many":[231],"Ag/epitopes":[232],"their":[235],"growing":[236],"tumors.":[237],"The":[238],"development":[239],"antigenic":[248],"systems":[249],"provides":[250],"first":[252],"step":[253],"towards":[254],"this":[255],"goal.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
