{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051455837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","title":"Enhanced Analgesic Responses After Preferential Delivery of Morphine and Fentanyl to the Olfactory Epithelium in Rats","display_name":"Enhanced Analgesic Responses After Preferential Delivery of Morphine and Fentanyl to the Olfactory Epithelium in Rats","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051455837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","mag":"2051455837","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21709146","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037010626","display_name":"John Hoekman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Hoekman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H272, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","Conflict of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article","Published ahead of print June 27, 2011","the Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H272, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conflict of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Published ahead of print June 27, 2011","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045487241","display_name":"Rodney J. Y. Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-4288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-4288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodney J. Y. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conflict of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article","Published ahead of print June 27, 2011","the Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","to Rodney J. Y. Ho, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H272, Seattle, WA 98195. Address e-mail to [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conflict of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Published ahead of print June 27, 2011","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Rodney J. Y. Ho, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H272, Seattle, WA 98195. Address e-mail to [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045487241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89184896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":"3","first_page":"641","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.03790000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-epithelium","display_name":"olfactory epithelium","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intranasal-drug-delivery","display_name":"intranasal drug delivery","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"morphine","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-analgesia","display_name":"opioid analgesia","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-drops","display_name":"nasal drops","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraperitoneal-injection","display_name":"intraperitoneal injection","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-exposure","display_name":"plasma exposure","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic-effect","display_name":"analgesic effect","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.837334394454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778801703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156104","display_name":"Nasal cavity","level":2,"score":0.7421013712882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.6824449896812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.6783666610717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781072394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541","display_name":"Fentanyl","level":2,"score":0.6658804416656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.5775095224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.558444082736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5541545152664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5424753427505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52396799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7676069","display_name":"Tail flick test","level":4,"score":0.5267393589019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780187430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3052544","display_name":"Olfactory epithelium","level":3,"score":0.5189180374145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.5176701545715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.48058247566223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781377823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7086517","display_name":"Olfactory mucosa","level":3,"score":0.4375643730163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201792869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054094","display_name":"Olfactory system","level":2,"score":0.41052502393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15490471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305","display_name":"Nociception","level":3,"score":0.37853628396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19499880075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1492862105369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.060297876596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000281","descriptor_name":"Administration, Intranasal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005283","descriptor_name":"Fentanyl","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005283","descriptor_name":"Fentanyl","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007274","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intraperitoneal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009831","descriptor_name":"Olfactory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017288","descriptor_name":"Pain Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182239b8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21709146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21709146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia and analgesia","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2431272","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3161132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Anesth Analg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2431272","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1029672804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH086351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1406281723","display_name":"pH Responsive anti-HIV Nanoparticles","funder_award_id":"R01AI077390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1509162011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI-077390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G778249048","display_name":"CNS targeted delivery of anti-HIV drugs","funder_award_id":"R43MH086351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164905611","https://openalex.org/W1543759025","https://openalex.org/W1596883269","https://openalex.org/W1972438322","https://openalex.org/W1978888161","https://openalex.org/W1979844313","https://openalex.org/W1980737380","https://openalex.org/W1991565511","https://openalex.org/W2001525797","https://openalex.org/W2015823976","https://openalex.org/W2022217072","https://openalex.org/W2022343786","https://openalex.org/W2028501562","https://openalex.org/W2045560091","https://openalex.org/W2046546864","https://openalex.org/W2068900494","https://openalex.org/W2079292457","https://openalex.org/W2084170661","https://openalex.org/W2088082397","https://openalex.org/W2089978730","https://openalex.org/W2091322268","https://openalex.org/W2099813951","https://openalex.org/W2100300954","https://openalex.org/W2143642977","https://openalex.org/W2144497954","https://openalex.org/W2149442333","https://openalex.org/W2154885361","https://openalex.org/W2321642294","https://openalex.org/W2415787730","https://openalex.org/W4249493711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070318626","https://openalex.org/W7070491418","https://openalex.org/W2088082397","https://openalex.org/W2092713982","https://openalex.org/W2022343786","https://openalex.org/W2316724474","https://openalex.org/W2089978730","https://openalex.org/W2950746836","https://openalex.org/W4411225300","https://openalex.org/W120049459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Centrally":[1],"acting":[2],"opioid":[3,92,337],"analgesics":[4],"such":[5,64],"as":[6,65],"morphine":[7,170,205,234,275],"and":[8,34,56,68,130,153,157,165,171,257,276,325,328],"fentanyl":[9,172,248,277],"are":[10],"effective,":[11],"but":[12],"their":[13],"efficacy":[14,166],"is":[15,41],"often":[16],"limited":[17],"by":[18,279],"a":[19,104,122,133,208,224,237,251,299,319],"delayed":[20],"response":[21],"or":[22,183,191,270],"side":[23],"effects":[24],"resulting":[25],"from":[26],"systemic":[27,70],"first":[28],"pass":[29],"before":[30],"reaching":[31],"the":[32,35,48,54,57,76,89,95,112,138,142,149,168,175,180,184,216,219,280,310,314],"brain":[33,55],"central":[36],"nervous":[37],"system":[38],"(CNS).":[39],"It":[40],"generally":[42],"accepted":[43],"that":[44],"drugs":[45],"applied":[46],"to":[47,94,111,128,174,244,250,283,309],"nasal":[49,77,143,176,185,264,285,294,315],"cavity":[50,78,144,316],"can":[51],"directly":[52,109],"access":[53],"CNS,":[58,113],"which":[59],"could":[60,98,102,317],"provide":[61],"therapeutic":[62,116,212],"advantages":[63],"rapid":[66],"onset":[67],"lower":[69],"exposure.":[71],"The":[72],"olfactory":[73,96,124,139,177,284,311],"region":[74,97,140,178,187,312],"of":[75,91,107,135,141,155,167,204,233,242,247,307],"has":[79],"been":[80],"implicated":[81],"in":[82,145,207,227,236,333],"facilitating":[83],"this":[84],"direct":[85,239,300],"nose-to-CNS":[86,238,301],"transfer.":[87],"If":[88],"fraction":[90,106],"administered":[93,173,336],"be":[99,103,331],"improved,":[100],"there":[101],"larger":[105],"drug":[108,136,160,229,302,323],"delivered":[110],"mediating":[114],"greater":[115],"benefit.":[117],"METHODS:":[118],"We":[119],"have":[120,318],"developed":[121],"pressurized":[123],"delivery":[125],"(POD)":[126],"device":[127,182,282],"consistently":[129],"noninvasively":[131],"deposit":[132],"majority":[134],"on":[137,322],"Sprague-Dawley":[146],"rats.":[147],"Using":[148],"tail-flick":[150],"latency":[151],"test":[152],"analysis":[154],"plasma":[156,228],"CNS":[158],"tissue":[159],"exposure,":[161],"we":[162],"compared":[163,262],"distribution":[164,324],"opioids":[169,308],"with":[179,188,198,263,298],"POD":[181,202,232,246,281,295],"respiratory":[186,265],"nose":[189,199,271],"drops":[190],"systemically":[192],"via":[193],"intraperitoneal":[194,268],"injection.":[195],"RESULTS:":[196],"Compared":[197],"drop":[200,272],"administration,":[201,273,296],"administration":[203],"resulted":[206,235],"significantly":[209],"higher":[210],"overall":[211],"effect":[213,261,291],"(area":[214],"under":[215],"curve":[217],"[over":[218],"time":[220],"course]":[221],"[AUC](effect))":[222],"without":[223],"significant":[225,320],"increase":[226],"exposure":[230],"(AUC(plasma)).":[231],"transport":[240,303],"percentage":[241],"38%":[243],"55%.":[245],"led":[249],"faster":[252],"(5":[253],"vs":[254],"10":[255],"minutes)":[256],"more":[258],"intense":[259],"analgesic":[260],"administration.":[266],"Unlike":[267],"injection":[269],"both":[274],"given":[278],"epithelium":[286],"exhibited":[287],"clockwise":[288],"(plasma)":[289],"versus":[290],"hysteresis":[292],"after":[293],"consistent":[297],"mechanism.":[304],"CONCLUSIONS:":[305],"Deposition":[306],"within":[313],"impact":[321],"pharmacodynamic":[326],"effect,":[327],"thus":[329],"should":[330],"considered":[332],"future":[334],"nasally":[335],"studies.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}