{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051292397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","title":"A compiler approach to scalable concurrent-program design","display_name":"A compiler approach to scalable concurrent-program design","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051292397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","mag":"2051292397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/177492.177612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/177492.177612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/177492.177612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032231503","display_name":"Ian T Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-5269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-5269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL","Argonne National Lab, Argonne IL#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Lab, Argonne IL#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stephen Taylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84613544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"577","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.31709998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-programming-languages","display_name":"concurrent programming languages","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler-design","display_name":"compiler design","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-to-source-translation","display_name":"source-to-source translation","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runtime-library","display_name":"runtime library","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"data sharing","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"load balancing","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"decomposition","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"synchronization","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"communication","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessor-programming","display_name":"multiprocessor programming","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicomputers","display_name":"multicomputers","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/networks-of-workstations","display_name":"workstation clusters","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-programming-education","display_name":"concurrent programming education","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9070366621017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7838356494903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.6409789323806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6189176440238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.6053603291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4592674970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.45224177837371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.267833411693573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/177492.177612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/177492.177612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.2154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.2154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.crpc.rice.edu/CRPC/softlib/CRPC-TR92217.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.5424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.5424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://info.mcs.anl.gov/pub/tech_reports/reports/P306.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.3598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.3598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://softlib.rice.edu/pub/CRPC-TRs/reports/CRPC-TR92217.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.648.4601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.648.4601","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://info.mcs.anl.gov/pub/tech_reports/reports/P306.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:27090","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/27090/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report or Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:71324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161020-135051459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.7907/zexrd-y1267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7907/zexrd-y1267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7907/zexrd-y1267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050848","display_name":"Caltech Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/177492.177612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/177492.177612","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/177492.177612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6820822719","display_name":"PYI:  Generic, Scaleable Parallel Computing Tools for Fluid       Dynamics","funder_award_id":"9157650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G788607834","display_name":"Center for Research on Parallel Computation","funder_award_id":"8809615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051292397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051292397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27407671","https://openalex.org/W47049533","https://openalex.org/W110427537","https://openalex.org/W199231266","https://openalex.org/W203401512","https://openalex.org/W1489689515","https://openalex.org/W1498484072","https://openalex.org/W1523762495","https://openalex.org/W1537293292","https://openalex.org/W1538115971","https://openalex.org/W1541122795","https://openalex.org/W1546468069","https://openalex.org/W1555961351","https://openalex.org/W1571035569","https://openalex.org/W1586338668","https://openalex.org/W1597939266","https://openalex.org/W1608686192","https://openalex.org/W1622840278","https://openalex.org/W1857327297","https://openalex.org/W1959864468","https://openalex.org/W1977989174","https://openalex.org/W1983587324","https://openalex.org/W1987517800","https://openalex.org/W2001130603","https://openalex.org/W2010248698","https://openalex.org/W2013240789","https://openalex.org/W2023633366","https://openalex.org/W2026194104","https://openalex.org/W2064984147","https://openalex.org/W2066210260","https://openalex.org/W2076878931","https://openalex.org/W2088249411","https://openalex.org/W2110425399","https://openalex.org/W2115867722","https://openalex.org/W2126126443","https://openalex.org/W2129787078","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2147805903","https://openalex.org/W2157118812","https://openalex.org/W2157283184","https://openalex.org/W2172307690","https://openalex.org/W2173063752","https://openalex.org/W2260281714","https://openalex.org/W2278461864","https://openalex.org/W2912431422","https://openalex.org/W3144368627","https://openalex.org/W4211008702","https://openalex.org/W4232707757","https://openalex.org/W4256363426","https://openalex.org/W6632769801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129787078","https://openalex.org/W27407671","https://openalex.org/W1487180813","https://openalex.org/W6940500901","https://openalex.org/W2170175813","https://openalex.org/W4205303439","https://openalex.org/W1977264549","https://openalex.org/W1651447848","https://openalex.org/W7095746130","https://openalex.org/W2915450564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,17,40,65,83,96,106,110,117,153,160,187],"compilation":[3,62,148],"system":[4,63,67,149],"for":[5],"the":[6,89],"concurrent":[7,75,98,130,145],"programming":[8,19],"language":[9],"Program":[10],"Composition":[11],"Notation":[12],"(PCN).":[13],"This":[14,147],"notation":[15,91],"provides":[16,116],"single-assignment":[18,121],"model":[20],"that":[21,68,157],"permits":[22],"concurrent-programming":[23,184],"concerns":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"decomposition,":[27],"communication,":[28],"synchronization,":[29],"mapping,":[30],"granularity,":[31],"and":[32,56,122,131,135,141,167,180],"load":[33],"balancing":[34],"to":[35,53,71,92,176,181],"be":[36,54,72,93,103],"addressed":[37],"separately":[38],"in":[39,58,105],"design.":[41],"PCN":[42],"is":[43],"also":[44],"extensible":[45],"with":[46],"programmer-defined":[47,80],"operators":[48,81],",":[49],"allowing":[50,126],"common":[51],"abstractions":[52,70],"encapsulated":[55],"reused":[57],"different":[59],"contexts.":[60],"The":[61,113,170],"incorporates":[64],"concurrent-transformation":[66],"allows":[69],"defined":[73],"through":[74],"source-to-source":[76],"transformations;":[77],"these":[78],"convert":[79],"into":[82,95,144],"core":[84,90],"notation.":[85],"Run-time":[86],"techniques":[87],"allow":[88],"compiled":[94],"simple":[97],"abstract":[99,114],"machine":[100,115],"which":[101],"can":[102],"implemented":[104],"portable":[107],"fashion":[108],"using":[109],"run-time":[111],"library.":[112],"uniform":[118],"treatment":[119],"of":[120,138,152,163],"mutable":[123],"data":[124,127],"structures,":[125],"sharing":[128],"between":[129],"sequential":[132,139],"program":[133,154],"segments":[134],"permitting":[136],"integration":[137],"C":[140],"Fortran":[142],"code":[143],"programs.":[146],"forms":[150],"part":[151],"development":[155],"toolkit":[156,171],"operates":[158],"on":[159],"wide":[161],"variety":[162],"networked":[164],"workstations,":[165],"multicomputers,":[166],"shared-memory":[168],"multiprocessors.":[169],"has":[172],"been":[173],"used":[174],"both":[175],"develop":[177],"substantial":[178],"applications":[179],"teach":[182],"introductory":[183],"classes,":[185],"including":[186],"freshman":[188],"course":[189],"at":[190],"Caltech.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}