{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051175950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","title":"Budgetary deficits and Ricardian equivalence: The case of India, 1950\u20131986","display_name":"Budgetary deficits and Ricardian equivalence: The case of India, 1950\u20131986","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051175950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","mag":"2051175950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199447588","display_name":"Journal of Public Economics","issn_l":"0047-2727","issn":["0047-2727","1879-2316"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087662027","display_name":"Anita Ghatak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anita Ghatak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110884485","display_name":"Subrata Ghatak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subrata Ghatak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087662027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"apc_list":{"value":4510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4510},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89579337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"267","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.0812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricardian-equivalence","display_name":"Ricardian equivalence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-financing","display_name":"deficit financing","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt","display_name":"public debt","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-increases","display_name":"tax increases","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding-out","display_name":"crowding out","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-consumption","display_name":"household consumption","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-investment","display_name":"private investment","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rates","display_name":"interest rates","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-expectations","display_name":"rational expectations","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068270","display_name":"Ricardian equivalence","level":3,"score":0.9768540263175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8649704456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8031360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071788","display_name":"Crowding out","level":2,"score":0.712896466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.6242163181304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6075149178504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994347159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192270","display_name":"Private consumption","level":3,"score":0.5531003475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.5183876156806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778489760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12695","display_name":"Government debt","level":3,"score":0.5101547837257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5066991448402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4760065972805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.46863818168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993044310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42317814","display_name":"Fiscal deficit","level":3,"score":0.46490681171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45619296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010135","display_name":"Deficit spending","level":3,"score":0.4621790945529938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.45998328924179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96016098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853949","display_name":"Rational expectations","level":2,"score":0.4483559727668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203379541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801078","display_name":"Aggregate demand","level":3,"score":0.43952110409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41727936267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.19082075357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08088880777359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01551-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199447588","display_name":"Journal of Public Economics","issn_l":"0047-2727","issn":["0047-2727","1879-2316"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/454912","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/454912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/486430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/486430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:60:y:1996:i:2:p:267-282","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0047-2727(95)01551-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46044913","https://openalex.org/W182940498","https://openalex.org/W612925765","https://openalex.org/W1514040154","https://openalex.org/W1538036102","https://openalex.org/W1572767052","https://openalex.org/W1573961247","https://openalex.org/W1588163064","https://openalex.org/W1999582086","https://openalex.org/W2006108998","https://openalex.org/W2032963884","https://openalex.org/W2038532793","https://openalex.org/W2041881555","https://openalex.org/W2047560619","https://openalex.org/W2085163348","https://openalex.org/W2085273662","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2142152381","https://openalex.org/W2317208837","https://openalex.org/W2335559751","https://openalex.org/W2797639646","https://openalex.org/W2892228580","https://openalex.org/W3025528697","https://openalex.org/W3121217586","https://openalex.org/W3121822938","https://openalex.org/W3122015594","https://openalex.org/W3122427534","https://openalex.org/W3123159337","https://openalex.org/W3141341243","https://openalex.org/W4300800029","https://openalex.org/W4404349261","https://openalex.org/W6987041672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079346521","https://openalex.org/W4386719467","https://openalex.org/W4390104613","https://openalex.org/W4400017567","https://openalex.org/W2961795382","https://openalex.org/W2041982244","https://openalex.org/W7172278004","https://openalex.org/W3082527769","https://openalex.org/W2031361931","https://openalex.org/W4384344992"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}