{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051135341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","title":"The modification of phobic behavior by covert reinforcement","display_name":"The modification of phobic behavior by covert reinforcement","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051135341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","mag":"2051135341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56240272","display_name":"Behavior Therapy","issn_l":"0005-7894","issn":["0005-7894","1878-1888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103466946","display_name":"William L. Marshall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.L. Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Clinical Laboratory, Kingston Psychiatric Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Clinical Laboratory, Kingston Psychiatric Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000908252","display_name":"J. Boutilier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Boutilier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Psychology Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Psychology Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051786115","display_name":"Patricia Minnes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Minnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Psychology Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Psychology Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103466946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.94,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96229649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"469","last_page":"480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.07109999656677246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noncontingent-reinforcement","display_name":"noncontingent reinforcement","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snake-phobia","display_name":"snake phobia","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approach-behavior","display_name":"approach behavior","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-distress","display_name":"subjective distress","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-reduction","display_name":"fear reduction","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.865065336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8178316354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493547","display_name":"Desensitization (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.7609534859657288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7233653664588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.6082541346549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018324008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Differential reinforcement","level":3,"score":0.5899885892868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5344212651252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4434787333011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3932924270629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2022515833377838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1737574338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15056395530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80037-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56240272","display_name":"Behavior Therapy","issn_l":"0005-7894","issn":["0005-7894","1878-1888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561370132","https://openalex.org/W571473046","https://openalex.org/W1584616434","https://openalex.org/W1603790047","https://openalex.org/W1605184067","https://openalex.org/W1971671166","https://openalex.org/W1984451841","https://openalex.org/W1995803863","https://openalex.org/W1997877158","https://openalex.org/W1999920270","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2034433325","https://openalex.org/W2044505063","https://openalex.org/W2073846745","https://openalex.org/W2081011746","https://openalex.org/W2088183761","https://openalex.org/W2135564394","https://openalex.org/W2168879469","https://openalex.org/W2319445257","https://openalex.org/W2518466486","https://openalex.org/W2724583059","https://openalex.org/W2733279453","https://openalex.org/W2750546898","https://openalex.org/W3144372880","https://openalex.org/W4231501435","https://openalex.org/W4233138552","https://openalex.org/W4256582751","https://openalex.org/W6702168213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036343127","https://openalex.org/W2013304419","https://openalex.org/W1968724804","https://openalex.org/W2031791408","https://openalex.org/W1973502211","https://openalex.org/W2066931854","https://openalex.org/W3023000330","https://openalex.org/W2000125056","https://openalex.org/W2003998386","https://openalex.org/W2039893678"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}