{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050822720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","title":"Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel use, 1751-1950","display_name":"Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel use, 1751-1950","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050822720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","mag":"2050822720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169363509","display_name":"Tellus B","issn_l":"0280-6509","issn":["0280-6509","1600-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tellus B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088310894","display_name":"R. J. Andres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-4979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-4979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. ANDRES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091787716","display_name":"Dennis J. Fielding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. FIELDING","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088493061","display_name":"Gregg H. Marland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-8634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-8634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. MARLAND","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831\u20106335, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831\u20106335, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060804084","display_name":"T. A. Boden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. A. BODEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831\u20106335, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831\u20106335, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N. KUMAR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. KUMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["153 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"153 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. T. KEARNEY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. T. KEARNEY","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1410},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":170,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96972198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"759","last_page":"759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.3788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.3788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.2329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0851999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-consumption","display_name":"fossil fuel consumption","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-emissions","display_name":"historical emissions","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-emissions","display_name":"cumulative emissions","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-statistics","display_name":"energy statistics","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming","display_name":"global warming","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"exponential growth","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76758496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118","display_name":"Tonne","level":2,"score":0.8016116619110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.7646368145942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.6422243118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.6075308322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5416874885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.5199952721595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.48694908618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.4797447919845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4041866","display_name":"Joins","level":2,"score":0.4454371929168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.44355806708335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4279560148715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.37562239170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3378821015357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2638758718967438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19753605127334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1867235004901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.17877349257469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1780318319797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16856321692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11720997095108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11262276768684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.09958428144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08301219344139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00002.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169363509","display_name":"Tellus B","issn_l":"0280-6509","issn":["0280-6509","1600-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tellus B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169363509","display_name":"Tellus B","issn_l":"0280-6509","issn":["0280-6509","1600-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/tellusb.v51i4.16483?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169363509","display_name":"Tellus B","issn_l":"0280-6509","issn":["0280-6509","1600-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050822720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050822720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124159852","https://openalex.org/W593838690","https://openalex.org/W1701265452","https://openalex.org/W1963648208","https://openalex.org/W1965323884","https://openalex.org/W1998998887","https://openalex.org/W2002345996","https://openalex.org/W2048115832","https://openalex.org/W2055417176","https://openalex.org/W2066964481","https://openalex.org/W2108379304","https://openalex.org/W2124716103","https://openalex.org/W2475552378","https://openalex.org/W2915862789","https://openalex.org/W2917478683","https://openalex.org/W3161866892","https://openalex.org/W3207181308","https://openalex.org/W4246011515","https://openalex.org/W4246211924","https://openalex.org/W6795675283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097903178","https://openalex.org/W2066964481","https://openalex.org/W6946358767","https://openalex.org/W2768583990","https://openalex.org/W6927345030","https://openalex.org/W4299359728","https://openalex.org/W2915316856","https://openalex.org/W4300881008","https://openalex.org/W2096675513","https://openalex.org/W1514857805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Newly":[0],"compiled":[1],"energy":[2],"statistics":[3],"allow":[4],"for":[5,21],"an":[6],"estimation":[7],"of":[8,13,47,94,102,115,130],"the":[9,22,26,44,48,67,92,95,113,131],"complete":[10],"time":[11,29,61,72],"series":[12,30,62],"carbon":[14,38],"dioxide":[15],"(CO2)":[16],"emissions":[17,77],"from":[18,86],"fossil-fuel":[19,49,87],"use":[20],"years":[23],"1751":[24],"to":[25,70,105,121],"present.":[27],"The":[28,51,60,100],"begins":[31],"with":[32],"3":[33],"\u00d7":[34,82],"106":[35],"metric":[36],"tonnes":[37,84],"(C).":[39],"This":[40],"initial":[41],"flux":[42,53],"represents":[43],"early":[45],"stages":[46],"era.":[50],"CO2":[52,76],"increased":[54],"exponentially":[55],"until":[56],"World":[57],"War":[58],"I.":[59],"derived":[63],"here":[64],"seamlessly":[65],"joins":[66],"modern":[68],"1950":[69],"present":[71,108],"series.":[73],"Total":[74],"cumulative":[75],"through":[78],"1949":[79],"were":[80],"61.0":[81],"109":[83],"C":[85],"use,":[88],"virtually":[89],"all":[90],"since":[91],"beginning":[93],"Industrial":[96],"Revolution":[97],"around":[98],"1860.":[99],"rate":[101],"growth":[103],"continues":[104],"grow":[106],"during":[107],"times,":[109],"generating":[110],"debate":[111],"on":[112],"probability":[114],"enhanced":[116],"greenhouse":[117],"warming.":[118],"In":[119],"addition":[120],"global":[122,128],"totals,":[123],"national":[124],"totals":[125],"and":[126],"1\u00b0":[127],"distributions":[129],"data":[132],"have":[133],"been":[134],"calculated.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}