{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050799693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","title":"The Computer in German and American Constitutional Law: Towards an American Right of Informational Self-Determination","display_name":"The Computer in German and American Constitutional Law: Towards an American Right of Informational Self-Determination","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050799693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","mag":"2050799693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/840221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167039476","display_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","issn_l":"0002-919X","issn":["0002-919X","2326-9197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112103510","display_name":"Paul M. Schwartz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Schwartz is Assistant Professor of Law, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. I wish to thank Spiros Simitis, Ludwig Salgo, Jutta K\u00f6rbel, Joseph Goldstein, Owen Fiss, and Robert Burt for their suggestions and assistance. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation provided a generous grant that made this work possible. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the superb secretarial help of Terri Snavely and the outstanding bibliographical assistance of Anne-Elise Arendt of the Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany. Unless otherwise noted, I am responsible for all translations","University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Schwartz is Assistant Professor of Law, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. I wish to thank Spiros Simitis, Ludwig Salgo, Jutta K\u00f6rbel, Joseph Goldstein, Owen Fiss, and Robert Burt for their suggestions and assistance. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation provided a generous grant that made this work possible. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the superb secretarial help of Terri Snavely and the outstanding bibliographical assistance of Anne-Elise Arendt of the Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany. Unless otherwise noted, I am responsible for all translations","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112103510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"],"apc_list":{"value":4402,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4402},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95396383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"675","last_page":"675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computers","display_name":"computers","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-law","display_name":"constitutional law","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informational-self-determination","display_name":"informational self-determination","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-privacy","display_name":"right to privacy","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-constitutional-law","display_name":"German constitutional law","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-constitutional-law","display_name":"American constitutional law","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-constitutional-law","display_name":"comparative constitutional law","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection","display_name":"data protection","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.824820876121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781298115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241625","display_name":"Wish","level":2,"score":0.6277796030044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6138586401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18650270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11206","display_name":"Constitutional law","level":2,"score":0.4946276843547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068570","display_name":"Constitutional right","level":3,"score":0.42286908626556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4075823128223419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.387654572725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.268377423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.11014130711555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.06852605938911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/840221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/840221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167039476","display_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","issn_l":"0002-919X","issn":["0002-919X","2326-9197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:facpubs-1865","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:paul_schwartz-1034","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/paul_schwartz/35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196581","display_name":"Berkley Law Scholarship Repository (University of California, Berkeley)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paul M. Schwartz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502153217","https://openalex.org/W3086849226","https://openalex.org/W4416630555","https://openalex.org/W2781766420","https://openalex.org/W4285037911","https://openalex.org/W2049303616","https://openalex.org/W4400356683","https://openalex.org/W4285243364","https://openalex.org/W2795460628","https://openalex.org/W2935833825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Paul":[0],"Schwartz;":[1],"The":[2,17],"Computer":[3],"in":[4],"German":[5],"and":[6],"American":[7,12,18],"Constitutional":[8],"Law:":[9],"Towards":[10],"an":[11],"Right":[13],"of":[14,20],"Informational":[15],"Self-Determination,":[16],"Journal":[19],"Co":[21]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
