{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050758709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","title":"Association of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles With the Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in Men and Women","display_name":"Association of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles With the Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in Men and Women","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050758709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","mag":"2050758709","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8782636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015103705","display_name":"Christopher D. Gardner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-1530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-1530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Calif, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Calif, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015103705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.6103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":842,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99710992,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"276","issue":"11","first_page":"875","last_page":"875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11618","display_name":"Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-dense-ldl","display_name":"small dense LDL","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-particle-size","display_name":"LDL particle size","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-cholesterol-hdl-ratio","display_name":"TC/HDL-C ratio","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"non-HDL cholesterol","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9049803018569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6638317704200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6535143852233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6059732437133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.5224206447601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.47386884689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780541478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410020","display_name":"High-density lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.46174460649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.45294469594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.44528618454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4361109435558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.42777112126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07056266069412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008055","descriptor_name":"Lipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008077","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008077","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.276.11.875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.11.875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.11.875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8782636","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8782636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1151930840","display_name":"LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROGENESIS IN TRANSGENIC ANIMALS","funder_award_id":"P01HL018574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1435936245","display_name":"Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Training Program","funder_award_id":"T32HL007034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7508781454","display_name":"MULTIFACTOR RISK REDUCTION STUDY","funder_award_id":"R01HL021906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120673594","https://openalex.org/W1481767662","https://openalex.org/W1486434785","https://openalex.org/W1512751283","https://openalex.org/W1767446315","https://openalex.org/W1922788973","https://openalex.org/W1937455559","https://openalex.org/W1964235678","https://openalex.org/W1966614661","https://openalex.org/W1969277115","https://openalex.org/W1978329788","https://openalex.org/W1982518535","https://openalex.org/W1991325639","https://openalex.org/W1992085688","https://openalex.org/W1996810831","https://openalex.org/W2004145281","https://openalex.org/W2027825904","https://openalex.org/W2027904194","https://openalex.org/W2029057141","https://openalex.org/W2031403388","https://openalex.org/W2039479403","https://openalex.org/W2045836535","https://openalex.org/W2053802334","https://openalex.org/W2056594106","https://openalex.org/W2059403223","https://openalex.org/W2060539696","https://openalex.org/W2065880668","https://openalex.org/W2081010186","https://openalex.org/W2081535404","https://openalex.org/W2082803118","https://openalex.org/W2087646207","https://openalex.org/W2089286420","https://openalex.org/W2093894290","https://openalex.org/W2094794822","https://openalex.org/W2095344362","https://openalex.org/W2095885613","https://openalex.org/W2105132841","https://openalex.org/W2105732728","https://openalex.org/W2109947055","https://openalex.org/W2117492262","https://openalex.org/W2137556555","https://openalex.org/W2155792229","https://openalex.org/W2161721693","https://openalex.org/W2162259781","https://openalex.org/W2163437618","https://openalex.org/W2164249350","https://openalex.org/W2165711645","https://openalex.org/W2172692903","https://openalex.org/W2183193914","https://openalex.org/W2279697006","https://openalex.org/W2312580977","https://openalex.org/W2342247113","https://openalex.org/W4241014383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096839073","https://openalex.org/W2109806543","https://openalex.org/W2082803118","https://openalex.org/W2610856833","https://openalex.org/W2073723712","https://openalex.org/W2113646584","https://openalex.org/W2037762039","https://openalex.org/W2077675781","https://openalex.org/W2167113149","https://openalex.org/W2152179912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"investigate":[2],"the":[3,13,45,55,124,213,224,231,245,249,294],"prospective":[4],"association":[5,169],"of":[6,15,38,44,54,97,102,175,187,189,215,234,260,285,296],"low-density":[7],"lipoprotein":[8,191],"(LDL)":[9],"particle":[10,109],"diameter":[11,110],"with":[12],"incidence":[14],"fatal":[16],"and":[17,30,40,71,85,99,202],"nonfatal":[18],"coronary":[19],"artery":[20],"disease":[21],"(CAD).":[22],"DESIGN:":[23],"A":[24],"nested":[25],"case-control":[26,180],"study.":[27,279],"SETTING:":[28],"Cases":[29],"controls":[31,154,274],"were":[32,64,74,139],"identified":[33,65],"from":[34,50,141],"a":[35,256,276,286],"population-based":[36,278],"sample":[37,90],"men":[39,98],"women":[41],"combining":[42],"all":[43,223],"5":[46],"cross-sectional":[47,125],"surveys":[48,126],"conducted":[49],"1979":[51,70],"to":[52,219,244,254],"1990":[53],"Stanford":[56],"Five-City":[57],"Project":[58],"(FCP).":[59],"PARTICIPANTS:":[60],"Incident":[61],"CAD":[62,136,151,235,261,270],"cases":[63,152,271],"through":[66],"FCP":[67,86,142],"surveillance":[68],"between":[69],"1992.":[72],"Controls":[73],"matched":[75,93],"by":[76,115],"sex,":[77],"5-year":[78],"age":[79],"groups,":[80],"survey":[81],"time":[82],"point,":[83],"ethnicity,":[84],"treatment":[87],"condition.":[88],"The":[89,168,178],"included":[91],"124":[92],"pairs:":[94],"90":[95],"pairs":[96,101],"34":[100],"women.":[103],"MAIN":[104],"OUTCOME":[105],"MEASURES:":[106],"LDL":[107,146,176,183,228,264,291],"peak":[108],"(LDL":[111],"size)":[112],"was":[113,148,170,185,207,230,252,266],"determined":[114],"gradient":[116],"gel":[117],"electrophoresis":[118],"on":[119],"plasma":[120],"samples":[121],"collected":[122],"during":[123],"(stored":[127],"at":[128],"70":[129],"degrees":[130],"C":[131],"for":[132,212,288],"5-15":[133],"years).":[134],"Established":[135],"risk-factor":[137],"data":[138],"available":[140],"baseline":[143],"measurements.":[144],"RESULTS:":[145],"size":[147,184,229,265],"smaller":[149,268],"among":[150],"than":[153,272],"(mean":[155],"+/-":[156,159,164],"SD)":[157],"(26.17":[158],"1.00":[160],"nm":[161],"vs":[162],"26.68":[163],"0.90":[165],"nm;":[166],"P<.001).":[167],"graded":[171],"across":[172],"control":[173],"quintiles":[174],"size.":[177],"significant":[179,209],"difference":[181],"in":[182,237,269,273,275,293],"independent":[186,258],"levels":[188],"high-density":[190],"cholesterol":[192,195,217],"(HDL-C),":[193],"non-HDL":[194],"(non-HDL-C),":[196],"triglyceride,":[197],"smoking,":[198],"systolic":[199],"blood":[200],"pressure,":[201],"body":[203],"mass":[204],"index,":[205],"but":[206],"not":[208],"after":[210],"adjusting":[211],"ratio":[214,251],"total":[216],"(TC)":[218],"HDL-C":[220],"(TC:HDL-C).":[221],"Among":[222],"physiological":[225,246],"risk":[226],"factors,":[227],"best":[232],"differentiator":[233],"status":[236],"conditional":[238],"logistic":[239],"regression.":[240],"However,":[241],"when":[242],"added":[243],"parameters":[247],"above,":[248],"TC:HDL-C":[250],"found":[253],"be":[255],"stronger":[257],"predictor":[259],"status.":[262],"CONCLUSION:":[263],"significantly":[267],"prospective,":[277],"These":[280],"findings":[281],"support":[282],"other":[283],"evidence":[284],"role":[287],"small,":[289],"dense":[290],"particles":[292],"etiology":[295],"atherosclerosis.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
