{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050554129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","title":"Synthetic flavors: efficiency and safety factors for sweaty and fishy odorants","display_name":"Synthetic flavors: efficiency and safety factors for sweaty and fishy odorants","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050554129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","mag":"2050554129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8722945","display_name":"Chemical Senses","issn_l":"0379-864X","issn":["0379-864X","1464-3553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Senses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013159601","display_name":"Je Amoore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140558","display_name":"Western Regional Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03x7fn667","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.E. Amoore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035701903","display_name":"Michael R. Gumbmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140558","display_name":"Western Regional Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03x7fn667","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.R. Gumbmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110219517","display_name":"Albert N. Booth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140558","display_name":"Western Regional Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03x7fn667","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.N. Booth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110424362","display_name":"D.H. Gould","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140558","display_name":"Western Regional Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03x7fn667","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.H. Gould","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Regional Research Center, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture Berkeley, California 94710, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4317,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4317},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19752049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"307","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11584","display_name":"Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-additives","display_name":"food additives","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aroma-compounds","display_name":"aroma compounds","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isovaleric-acid","display_name":"isovaleric acid","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethylamine","display_name":"trimethylamine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piperidine","display_name":"piperidine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-factor","display_name":"safety factor","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odor-threshold","display_name":"odor threshold","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweat-odor","display_name":"sweat odor","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-odor","display_name":"fishy odor","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-feeding-trials","display_name":"rat feeding trials","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.6764581203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5654969811439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777532764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31855","display_name":"Research center","level":2,"score":0.48917415738105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.437358558177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3391960859298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30059921741485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1459522545337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12048059701919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08907508850097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/3.3.307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8722945","display_name":"Chemical Senses","issn_l":"0379-864X","issn":["0379-864X","1464-3553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Senses","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069589768","https://openalex.org/W2137783443","https://openalex.org/W2075494270","https://openalex.org/W2012029689","https://openalex.org/W2037667386","https://openalex.org/W2066793750","https://openalex.org/W2373777291","https://openalex.org/W2593407698","https://openalex.org/W4253347587","https://openalex.org/W2528782463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rat":[0],"feeding":[1],"trials":[2],"were":[3,30],"conducted":[4],"with":[5],"two":[6],"pairs":[7],"of":[8,45,51,131],"food":[9,58],"additives":[10],"which":[11,100],"exhibit":[12],"similar":[13,136],"odor":[14,19,107],"qualities":[15],"but":[16],"vastly":[17],"different":[18],"intensities.":[20],"The":[21],"maximum":[22,69],"no-adverse-effect":[23],"dietary":[24],"levels":[25],"in":[26,56,72],"a":[27,128,132,151],"90-day":[28],"trial":[29],"as":[31,95],"follows:":[32],"isovaleric":[33,113],"acid,":[34,37],"5%":[35],"2-ethylbutyric":[36,75,124],"0.6%":[38],"trimethylamine,":[39],"0.16%":[40],"piperidine,":[41],"0.08%.":[42],"In":[43,67],"view":[44],"these":[46],"no-effect":[47],"levels,":[48],"the":[49,61,68],"concentrations":[50,70],"trimethylamine":[52,138],"and":[53,77,88],"piperidine":[54,78,148],"used":[55,71],"human":[57,86],"sometimes":[59],"infringe":[60],"Federal":[62],"100-fold":[63],"practical":[64],"safety":[65,121,145],"factor.":[66],"food,":[73],"purified":[74],"acid":[76,114,125],"could":[79],"be":[80],"neither":[81],"tasted":[82],"nor":[83],"smelled":[84],"by":[85],"observers,":[87],"appear":[89],"to":[90],"serve":[91],"no":[92],"useful":[93],"purpose":[94],"flavorings.":[96],"Calculations":[97],"are":[98,109],"presented":[99],"suggest":[101],"that,":[102],"when":[103],"their":[104],"widely":[105],"differing":[106],"thresholds":[108],"taken":[110],"into":[111],"consideration,":[112],"has":[115,139],"about":[116,140],"22,000":[117],"times":[118,142],"greater":[119,143],"theoretical":[120,144],"factor":[122,146],"than":[123,147],"for":[126,149],"producing":[127],"given":[129],"intensity":[130],"sweaty":[133],"aroma.":[134],"By":[135],"considerations,":[137],"260,000":[141],"generating":[150],"fishy":[152],"odor.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
