{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050463570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","title":"Aerosolized Pentamidine for Prophylaxis againstPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia: The San Francisco Community Prophylaxis Trial","display_name":"Aerosolized Pentamidine for Prophylaxis againstPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia: The San Francisco Community Prophylaxis Trial","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050463570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","mag":"2050463570","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1975426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm199009203231201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2050463570"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032217915","display_name":"Gifford S. Leoung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gifford S. Leoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIDS Activities Division, San Francisco General Hospital, CA","Department of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIDS Activities Division, San Francisco General Hospital, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065553979","display_name":"David W. Feioal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Feioal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112522554","display_name":"Anne Montgomery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-7976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-7976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132395","display_name":"University of California San Diego Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03aw5sn18","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791","https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210132395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Bruce Montgomery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine. State University of New York at Stony Brook, . Address reprint requests to Dr. Feigal at the Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, 225 Dickinson St. H811E, San Diego, CA 94103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine. State University of New York at Stony Brook, . Address reprint requests to Dr. Feigal at the Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, 225 Dickinson St. H811E, San Diego, CA 94103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210132395","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109208519","display_name":"Kevin J. Corkery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Corkery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068790965","display_name":"Linda A. Wardlaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Wardlaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047479816","display_name":"David F. Busch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Busch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital, all in San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital, all in San Francisco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015031647","display_name":"Shelley M. Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801780550","display_name":"California Pacific Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjh0167","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114073160","https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelley Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Medical Center, all in San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Medical Center, all in San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mark A. Jacobson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079551705","display_name":"Paul A. Volberding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-192X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-192X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Volberding","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011750430","display_name":"Donald Aurams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Aurams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.7969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99951872,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"323","issue":"12","first_page":"769","last_page":"775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosolized-pentamidine","display_name":"aerosolized pentamidine","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcp-prophylaxis","display_name":"PCP prophylaxis","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunistic-infections","display_name":"opportunistic infections","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-comparison","display_name":"dose comparison","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-count","display_name":"CD4 count","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zidovudine","display_name":"zidovudine","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993443204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii","level":4,"score":0.9664536714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416206","display_name":"Pentamidine","level":3,"score":0.9532676339149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8783551454544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.7605661153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779196057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835718","display_name":"Opportunistic infection","level":4,"score":0.5102996826171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4323016405105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3889511823654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3864368796348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.3627156615257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.34195131063461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","level":3,"score":0.26510125398635864}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000336","descriptor_name":"Aerosols","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004341","descriptor_name":"Drug Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010419","descriptor_name":"Pentamidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010419","descriptor_name":"Pentamidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010419","descriptor_name":"Pentamidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011020","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Pneumocystis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012514","descriptor_name":"Sarcoma, Kaposi","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm199009203231201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199009203231201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1975426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1975426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New England journal of medicine","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480532228","https://openalex.org/W1966921061","https://openalex.org/W1972957965","https://openalex.org/W1995161323","https://openalex.org/W2011388652","https://openalex.org/W2059707463","https://openalex.org/W2074012063","https://openalex.org/W2091483495","https://openalex.org/W2143294512","https://openalex.org/W2168853626","https://openalex.org/W2320377369","https://openalex.org/W2324671927","https://openalex.org/W2333399282","https://openalex.org/W4243234403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059125048","https://openalex.org/W2093788058","https://openalex.org/W2978892037","https://openalex.org/W2335153389","https://openalex.org/W1993148390","https://openalex.org/W1967365647","https://openalex.org/W264977850","https://openalex.org/W252399093","https://openalex.org/W2042570295","https://openalex.org/W2116272542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"METHODS:":[2],"Pneumocystis":[3],"carinii":[4],"pneumonia":[5],"(PCP)":[6],"is":[7],"the":[8,23,77,80,98,118,138,159],"most":[9],"frequent":[10],"life-threatening":[11],"opportunistic":[12],"infection":[13],"associated":[14],"with":[15,40,95,122,155],"human":[16],"immunodeficiency":[17],"virus":[18],"(HIV)":[19],"infection.":[20],"To":[21],"assess":[22],"possible":[24],"value":[25],"of":[26,56,88,117,125,163],"aerosolized-pentamidine":[27],"prophylaxis":[28,149],"in":[29,38,79,97,152],"different":[30,114],"doses,":[31],"a":[32],"controlled":[33],"clinical":[34],"trial":[35],"was":[36,146],"begun":[37],"1987":[39],"408":[41],"subjects":[42,78],"at":[43,137],"12":[44],"treatment":[45],"centers.":[46],"The":[47,104],"participants":[48],"were":[49,136,168],"randomly":[50],"assigned":[51],"to":[52,158],"receive":[53],"30":[54],"mg":[55,62,68],"pentamidine":[57,145],"every":[58,63,69],"two":[59,64],"weeks,":[60,65],"150":[61],"or":[66],"300":[67],"four":[70],"weeks.":[71],"RESULTS:":[72],"Eighteen":[73],"months":[74],"after":[75],"randomization,":[76],"300-mg":[81,119],"arm":[82,100,106],"had":[83,84,107,173],"8":[85],"confirmed":[86],"episodes":[87,124],"PCP":[89,126,151],"while":[90],"receiving":[91],"treatment,":[92],"as":[93],"compared":[94],"22":[96],"30-mg":[99],"(P":[101],"=":[102],"0.0008).":[103],"150-mg":[105],"intermediate":[108],"results":[109],"but":[110],"ones":[111],"not":[112],"significantly":[113],"from":[115],"those":[116],"arm.":[120],"Participants":[121],"previous":[123],"and":[127,161,166,172],"CD4-cell":[128],"counts":[129],"less":[130],"than":[131],"200":[132],"per":[133],"cubic":[134],"millimeter":[135],"highest":[139],"risk":[140],"for":[141,148],"PCP.":[142],"CONCLUSIONS:":[143],"Aerosolized":[144],"effective":[147],"against":[150],"patients":[153],"infected":[154],"HIV,":[156],"according":[157],"dose":[160],"schedule":[162],"administration.":[164],"It":[165],"zidovudine":[167],"well":[169],"tolerated":[170],"together":[171],"independent":[174],"prophylactic":[175],"benefits.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}