{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050359168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","title":"Reconciling with the Past: John Willis and the Question of Judicial Review in Inter-War and Post-War England","display_name":"Reconciling with the Past: John Willis and the Question of Judicial Review in Inter-War and Post-War England","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050359168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","mag":"2050359168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62734853","display_name":"University of Toronto Law Journal","issn_l":"0042-0220","issn":["0042-0220","1710-1174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Toronto Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004923265","display_name":"Peter L. Lindseth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-6504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-6504"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter L Lindseth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004923265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33010111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"657","last_page":"689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.33959999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13763","display_name":"Historical Legal Studies and Society","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-review","display_name":"judicial review","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-justice","display_name":"administrative justice","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-state","display_name":"administrative state","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation-of-legislative-power","display_name":"delegation of legislative power","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functionalism","display_name":"functionalism","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-sovereignty","display_name":"parliamentary sovereignty","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-war-england","display_name":"post-war England","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harold-laski","display_name":"Harold Laski","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ivor-jennings","display_name":"Ivor Jennings","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-history","display_name":"constitutional history","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-courts","display_name":"administrative courts","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019323424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389","display_name":"New england","level":3,"score":0.5857256054878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5148212313652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48827600479125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020180931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201472","display_name":"Post war","level":2,"score":0.446522057056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.41375863552093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38806915283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3822740912437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3708050549030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.1780143678188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13154011964797974}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62734853","display_name":"University of Toronto Law Journal","issn_l":"0042-0220","issn":["0042-0220","1710-1174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Toronto Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94354770","https://openalex.org/W386419586","https://openalex.org/W572302972","https://openalex.org/W629549628","https://openalex.org/W1224431693","https://openalex.org/W1504942386","https://openalex.org/W1564436360","https://openalex.org/W1568703244","https://openalex.org/W1568924359","https://openalex.org/W1602595382","https://openalex.org/W1936210848","https://openalex.org/W1976229004","https://openalex.org/W1987359688","https://openalex.org/W2006238010","https://openalex.org/W2024431873","https://openalex.org/W2050290745","https://openalex.org/W2063227911","https://openalex.org/W2067713938","https://openalex.org/W2070263105","https://openalex.org/W2085542732","https://openalex.org/W2086841517","https://openalex.org/W2094888959","https://openalex.org/W2111534194","https://openalex.org/W2235573698","https://openalex.org/W2313024208","https://openalex.org/W2317638001","https://openalex.org/W2319234532","https://openalex.org/W2330930919","https://openalex.org/W2331846780","https://openalex.org/W2331871364","https://openalex.org/W2332775017","https://openalex.org/W2479554801","https://openalex.org/W2483252769","https://openalex.org/W2795575285","https://openalex.org/W2795630918","https://openalex.org/W2796981583","https://openalex.org/W2797186951","https://openalex.org/W2798015511","https://openalex.org/W2970926746","https://openalex.org/W4249882219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069479402","https://openalex.org/W2031223553","https://openalex.org/W3136836659","https://openalex.org/W3138318796","https://openalex.org/W2498282782","https://openalex.org/W2461604140","https://openalex.org/W7102689192","https://openalex.org/W1504739587","https://openalex.org/W7037578163","https://openalex.org/W1963689865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,9,36,60,158,275,445],"'problem":[2],"of":[3,12,54,82,87,97,127,139,147,155,165,172,199,209,228,232,254,303,309,312,316,346,438,447,454,506,511,524,532],"reconciling'":[4],"John":[5],"Willis's":[6],"1933":[7],"classic,":[8],"Parliamentary":[10,181,448,501],"Powers":[11,449,502],"the":[13,25,44,50,75,83,88,95,102,131,144,152,163,173,177,186,206,226,236,243,252,255,266,270,272,291,301,322,332,360,368,401,410,424,435,442,452,469,491,504,522,535,547,563],"English":[14,89,174,418],"Government":[15],"Departments,":[16],"is":[17,540,566],"essential":[18],"reading":[19],"to":[20,41,43,123,142,161,250,290,296,330,342,394,406,414,434,484,488,515,552,568,589,594,602],"any":[21],"historian":[22],"interested":[23],"in":[24,33,56,64,70,189,235,242,284,334,378,441,481,607,613],"debates":[26],"over":[27,151],"legislative":[28,128,286],"delegation":[29],"and":[30,94,112,134,195,259,268,287,355,388,408,457,517,546,577],"administrative":[31,77,187,362,398,412,439],"justice":[32],"inter-war":[34,379],"England.1":[35],"book's":[37],"immediate":[38],"purpose":[39],"was":[40,79,118,160,240,340,473,598],"respond":[42],"assertions":[45],"made":[46],"by":[47,101,247,261,543,591],"Lord":[48,51],"Hewart,":[49],"Chief":[52],"Justice":[53],"England,":[55],"his":[57,482,525,582,592],"notorious":[58],"polemic,":[59],"New":[61],"Despotism,":[62],"published":[63],"1929.2":[65],"Hewart":[66,107],"argued,":[67],"very":[68,203],"much":[69],"a":[71,80,137,170,192,365,374,415,455,509,608],"Diceyan":[72,207],"vein,":[73],"that":[74,156,167,185,277,391,423,549,573],"emergent":[76],"state":[78,188,363,413,429],"perversion":[81],"most":[84],"venerable":[85],"principles":[86],"constitution,":[90],"notably":[91],"parliamentary":[92,132],"sovereignty":[93,122],"'Rule":[96],"Law'":[98],"as":[99,306,558],"enforced":[100],"ordinary":[103,145],"common":[104],"law":[105,166,310,529],"courts.":[106],"asserted":[108],"that,":[109],"particularly":[110],"during":[111,217,265,497],"after":[113,269,468],"World":[114,218],"War":[115,219,271],"I,":[116],"Parliament":[117,278,299,318],"using":[119],"its":[120,200],"undisputed":[121],"make":[124],"wholesale":[125],"shifts":[126],"authority":[129,320,347],"outside":[130],"realm":[133],"then,":[135],"through":[136],"variety":[138,510],"statutory":[140],"mechanisms,":[141],"deprive":[143],"courts":[146],"their":[148],"rightful":[149],"jurisdiction":[150],"lawful":[153],"exercise":[154],"authority.":[157],"effect":[159],"undermine":[162],"rule":[164],"had":[168,392,431],"been":[169,587],"cornerstone":[171],"constitution":[175],"since":[176],"seventeenth":[178],"century.":[179],"In":[180,358],"Powers,":[182],"Willis":[183,370,472,514,570,584],"counters":[184],"England":[190,380,597],"has":[191,326],"historical":[193],"pedigree":[194],"underlying":[196],"normative":[197],"justification":[198],"own,":[201],"one":[202,308],"different":[204],"from":[205,364,400],"constitutionalism":[208],"Hewart.":[210],"Administrative":[211],"structures":[212,440],"did":[213],"not":[214,600,606],"suddenly":[215],"emerge":[216],"I":[220],"or":[221,337],"after;":[222],"rather,":[223],"they":[224],"were":[225],"product":[227],"'[a]":[229],"long":[230],"period":[231],"imperceptible":[233],"growth'":[234],"nineteenth":[237],"century,":[238],"which":[239,324,498],"followed":[241],"early":[244],"twentieth":[245],"century":[246],"'a":[248,262],"quickening":[249],"meet":[251],"needs":[253],"new":[256,456],"Social":[257],"State'":[258],"then":[260],"sudden":[263],"flowering":[264],"War,":[267],"full":[273],"fruition.....3":[274],"method":[276],"'invariably":[279],"[End":[280,554],"Page":[281,555],"657]":[282],"followed'":[283],"delegating":[285],"adjudicative":[288],"powers":[289],"government":[292],"departments":[293],"was,":[294,531],"according":[295],"Willis,":[297,603],"functionalist:":[298],"viewed":[300],"task":[302],"apportioning":[304],"power":[305],"'neither":[307],"nor":[311],"formal":[313],"logic,":[314],"but":[315,596],"expediency.'4":[317],"assigned":[319],"'to":[321],"body":[323],"experience":[325],"shown":[327],"best":[328],"fitted":[329],"perform":[331],"work'":[333],"question.5":[335],"Little":[336],"no":[338],"regard":[339],"given":[341,432],"whether":[343],"this":[344,461,485,544],"allocation":[345],"transgressed":[348],"traditional":[349],"constitutional":[350],"boundaries":[351],"between":[352],"legislative,":[353],"executive,":[354],"judicial":[356],"powers.":[357],"analysing":[359],"modern":[361,411],"functionalist":[366,436],"perspective,":[367],"young":[369],"associated":[371],"himself":[372],"with":[373],"broader":[375],"scholarly":[376,609],"movement":[377],"(whose":[381],"leaders":[382],"included":[383],"Harold":[384],"Laski,":[385],"William":[386],"Robson,":[387],"Ivor":[389],"Jennings)":[390],"assembled":[393],"counter":[395],"attacks":[396],"on":[397],"governance":[399],"bench.6":[402],"Functionalists":[403],"set":[404],"out":[405],"explain":[407],"justify":[409],"sometimes":[416],"sceptical":[417],"public,":[419],"while":[420],"also":[421],"noting":[422],"public's":[425],"demands":[426],"for":[427,521,537],"greater":[428],"intervention":[430],"rise":[433,551],"expansion":[437],"first":[443,576],"place.7":[444],"appearance":[446],"simply":[450],"marked":[451],"entry":[453],"vigorous":[458],"voice":[459],"into":[460],"highly":[462],"charged":[463],"legal\u2013political":[464],"discussion.":[465],"However,":[466],"soon":[467],"book":[470],"appeared,":[471],"(as":[474,539],"Michael":[475],"Taggart":[476],"so":[477],"nicely":[478],"puts":[479],"it":[480,538,565],"contribution":[483],"volume)":[486],"'lost":[487,588],"England.'8":[489],"Following":[490],"two-year":[492],"research":[493],"stint":[494],"at":[495,562,604],"Harvard":[496],"he":[499,574],"completed":[500],"(under":[503],"supervision":[505],"Felix":[507],"Frankfurter),":[508],"circumstances":[512],"took":[513],"Canada":[516,614],"kept":[518],"him":[519],"there":[520],"rest":[523],"life.":[526,583],"Canadian":[527],"public":[528],"scholarship":[530],"course,":[533],"all":[534],"richer":[536],"fittingly":[541],"commemorated":[542],"volume":[545],"conference":[548],"gave":[550],"it).":[553],"658]":[556],"But":[557],"Martin":[559],"Loughlin":[560],"remarked":[561],"conference,":[564],"impossible":[567],"understand":[569],"without":[571],"recognizing":[572],"remained,":[575],"foremost,":[578],"'an":[579],"Englishman'":[580],"throughout":[581],"may":[585],"have":[586],"England'":[590],"move":[593],"Canada,":[595],"certainly":[599],"lost":[601],"least":[605],"sense.":[610],"His":[611],"writings":[612],"reflect":[615],"an":[616],"abiding":[617],"interest":[618],"in...":[619]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}