{"id":"https://openalex.org/W204992007","doi":null,"title":"Special Education and Direct Instruction: An Effective Combination.","display_name":"Special Education and Direct Instruction: An Effective Combination.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W204992007","mag":"204992007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu:education_pub-1025","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/education_pub/26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400628","display_name":"University of Washington Tacoma Digital Commons (University of Washington Tacoma)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210150356","host_organization_name":"University of Washington Tacoma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education Publications","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086134858","display_name":"Diane Kinder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Kinder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045922397","display_name":"Richard M. Kubina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-0266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-0266"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Kubina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-0266","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076375499","display_name":"Nancy E. Marchand\u2010Martella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-9353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-9353"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy E. Marchand\u2010Martella","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-9353","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8528868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13131","display_name":"Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-instruction","display_name":"direct instruction","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-incidence-disabilities","display_name":"high-incidence disabilities","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-incidence-disabilities","display_name":"low-incidence disabilities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-arts-instruction","display_name":"language arts instruction","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4316328465938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.36252743005752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2554479241371155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu:education_pub-1025","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/education_pub/26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400628","display_name":"University of Washington Tacoma Digital Commons (University of Washington Tacoma)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210150356","host_organization_name":"University of Washington Tacoma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:204992007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/education_pub/26/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28558621","https://openalex.org/W34597231","https://openalex.org/W60467164","https://openalex.org/W70510449","https://openalex.org/W87887066","https://openalex.org/W96525139","https://openalex.org/W121364273","https://openalex.org/W195350826","https://openalex.org/W209058517","https://openalex.org/W285884175","https://openalex.org/W1489806623","https://openalex.org/W1502110069","https://openalex.org/W1519226200","https://openalex.org/W1523723826","https://openalex.org/W1555015985","https://openalex.org/W1847836105","https://openalex.org/W1861672502","https://openalex.org/W1899051681","https://openalex.org/W1912535593","https://openalex.org/W1971552030","https://openalex.org/W1977413244","https://openalex.org/W1979630319","https://openalex.org/W1989586783","https://openalex.org/W1990748676","https://openalex.org/W1997557767","https://openalex.org/W2005923160","https://openalex.org/W2023597747","https://openalex.org/W2026765315","https://openalex.org/W2033555071","https://openalex.org/W2044653300","https://openalex.org/W2045696077","https://openalex.org/W2048198093","https://openalex.org/W2053793974","https://openalex.org/W2074116806","https://openalex.org/W2103359258","https://openalex.org/W2104398722","https://openalex.org/W2107683562","https://openalex.org/W2109032622","https://openalex.org/W2114853958","https://openalex.org/W2115566853","https://openalex.org/W2128946321","https://openalex.org/W2135687079","https://openalex.org/W2136783463","https://openalex.org/W2144888062","https://openalex.org/W2169403719","https://openalex.org/W2290715359","https://openalex.org/W2562205090","https://openalex.org/W2563823082","https://openalex.org/W2580852010","https://openalex.org/W2726595384","https://openalex.org/W2729642820","https://openalex.org/W2731400976","https://openalex.org/W2734243696","https://openalex.org/W2740690220","https://openalex.org/W2910070093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284970613","https://openalex.org/W2099051240","https://openalex.org/W2105454313","https://openalex.org/W96525139","https://openalex.org/W44348808","https://openalex.org/W70510449","https://openalex.org/W2603190540","https://openalex.org/W3213093869","https://openalex.org/W25179286","https://openalex.org/W2124567195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,20,53,67,147,164],"unique":[4],"and":[5,83,153,156,170],"successful":[6],"combination":[7,149],"of":[8,31,52,77,150,166],"using":[9,33],"Direct":[10,34,71,81,139,151],"Instruction":[11,35,82,140,152],"programs":[12],"with":[13,36,61,85,98,132],"special":[14,154],"education":[15],"populations.":[16],"The":[17],"introduction":[18],"establishes":[19],"need":[21],"for":[22,95,138,161],"valid,":[23],"scientifically":[24],"based":[25],"materials.":[26],"Next":[27],"is":[28,88,159],"a":[29,74],"description":[30],"studies":[32,43,55,79,91,125],"students":[37,57,68,84],"who":[38,58,69],"have":[39],"high-incidence":[40],"disabilities.":[41],"Thirty-seven":[42],"were":[44,59,126],"found":[45,127],"across":[46,128],"academic":[47],"areas.":[48],"In":[49,122],"only":[50],"3":[51],"37":[54],"did":[56],"instructed":[60],"other":[62],"materials":[63],"fair":[64],"better":[65],"than":[66,115],"received":[70],"Instruction.":[72],"Next,":[73],"research":[75,158],"review":[76],"8":[78],"involving":[80],"low-incidence":[86],"disabilities":[87],"presented.":[89],"These":[90],"showed":[92],"positive":[93,136],"effects":[94,103,137],"this":[96],"population,":[97],"one":[99],"investigation":[100],"showing":[101],"higher":[102],"when":[104,116],"another":[105],"component":[106],"(Discrimination":[107],"Learning":[108],"Theory)":[109],"was":[110,119],"added":[111],"to":[112],"\"Distar":[113,117],"Arithmetic\"":[114,118],"used":[120],"alone.":[121],"all,":[123],"45":[124],"student":[129],"disability":[130],"categories":[131],"over":[133],"90%":[134],"noting":[135],"programs.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"conclusions":[143],"are":[144],"drawn":[145],"regarding":[146],"effective":[148],"education,":[155],"further":[157],"called":[160],"particularly":[162],"in":[163],"areas":[165],"language,":[167],"spelling,":[168],"writing,":[169],"mathematics.":[171],"(Contains":[172],"6":[173],"tables.)":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}