{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049475930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","title":"Attitudes and Cultural Background and Their Relationship to English in a Multicultural Social Context: the case of male and female Arab immigrants in Canada [1]","display_name":"Attitudes and Cultural Background and Their Relationship to English in a Multicultural Social Context: the case of male and female Arab immigrants in Canada [1]","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049475930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","mag":"2049475930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144341950150307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43525819","display_name":"Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0144-3410","issn":["0144-3410","1469-5820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000502477","display_name":"Salim Abu\u2010Rabia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-5641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-5641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salim Abu\u2010Rabia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, University of Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, University of Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000502477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93586344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"323","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13063","display_name":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-immigrants","display_name":"Arab immigrants","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-towards-english","display_name":"attitudes toward English","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-background","display_name":"cultural background","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-theory","display_name":"schema theory","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicultural-education","display_name":"multicultural education","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-knowledge","display_name":"cultural knowledge","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.8062164783477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7522001266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6654371023178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6546224355697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.48587125539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994336638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11042","display_name":"Cultural influence","level":2,"score":0.4758698344230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777301881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5844396","display_name":"Multicultural education","level":3,"score":0.46726006269454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.44233113527297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.4292728304862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90048612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192989","display_name":"Acculturation","level":3,"score":0.4268847405910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4122641682624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.328971803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.275085985660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.17590343952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.12993955612182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08676710724830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144341950150307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341950150307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43525819","display_name":"Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0144-3410","issn":["0144-3410","1469-5820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194968827","https://openalex.org/W630727849","https://openalex.org/W1550257348","https://openalex.org/W1577855047","https://openalex.org/W1596801600","https://openalex.org/W1646993951","https://openalex.org/W1799750435","https://openalex.org/W1967105754","https://openalex.org/W1976772882","https://openalex.org/W1979150832","https://openalex.org/W1990150066","https://openalex.org/W1992978575","https://openalex.org/W2002138293","https://openalex.org/W2023539043","https://openalex.org/W2026840525","https://openalex.org/W2046965056","https://openalex.org/W2047591714","https://openalex.org/W2055906266","https://openalex.org/W2062251337","https://openalex.org/W2064512271","https://openalex.org/W2066073807","https://openalex.org/W2066932153","https://openalex.org/W2070283890","https://openalex.org/W2072872950","https://openalex.org/W2084302054","https://openalex.org/W2103263419","https://openalex.org/W2104602836","https://openalex.org/W2113900035","https://openalex.org/W2133817765","https://openalex.org/W2150847836","https://openalex.org/W2170835672","https://openalex.org/W4213373848","https://openalex.org/W4240552082","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W176736965","https://openalex.org/W2147076987","https://openalex.org/W2136817548","https://openalex.org/W2022502523","https://openalex.org/W1969846947","https://openalex.org/W4230102187","https://openalex.org/W2611144579","https://openalex.org/W2890467041","https://openalex.org/W2034398592","https://openalex.org/W2126828663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,120],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,96,105,112,163,176,179,198,201,210],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"attitudes":[6,29,115,133],"and":[7,17,25,33,40,137,162,182,206,209],"cultural":[8,36,65,83,90],"background":[9,80],"of":[10,21,64,70,114,149,178,192,200],"52":[11],"eighth\u2010grade":[12],"Arab":[13,107],"students":[14,51,76,108,123],"in":[15,38,58,95],"Canada":[16,71],"their":[18,60],"reading":[19],"comprehension":[20],"texts":[22,57],"with":[23,35,81,88,109],"English":[24,41,97,136],"Arabic":[26,39],"content.":[27,66],"An":[28,189],"questionnaire,":[30],"semi\u2010structured":[31],"interviews":[32],"stories":[34,91],"content":[37],"were":[42,102],"used.":[43],"Contrary":[44],"to":[45,73,85,93,111,119,156,172],"predictions":[46],"made":[47],"by":[48,174,183],"schema":[49],"theory,":[50],"scored":[52],"higher":[53],"whenever":[54],"they":[55],"read":[56],"English,":[59],"second":[61],"language,":[62],"regardless":[63],"The":[67],"multicultural":[68],"reality":[69],"seems":[72],"have":[74],"provided":[75],"from":[77,168],"different":[78],"ethnic":[79],"wide\u2010ranging":[82],"knowledge":[84],"cope":[86],"successfully":[87],"unfamiliar":[89],"presented":[92,196],"them":[94,118],"language.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99],"gender":[100,160],"differences":[101,161],"found":[103],"among":[104],"Canadian":[106,141,202],"regard":[110],"type":[113],"that":[116,146,165],"motivated":[117],"English:":[121],"male":[122],"showed":[124,130],"predominantly":[125,131],"instrumental":[126],"attitudes,":[127],"while":[128],"females":[129,166],"integrative":[132],"towards":[134],"learning":[135,152,175],"becoming":[138],"integrated":[139],"into":[140,158,185],"society.":[142,187],"It":[143],"is":[144],"concluded":[145],"sociopsychological":[147],"models":[148],"second\u2010language":[150],"(L2)":[151],"should":[153],"be":[154],"expanded":[155],"take":[157],"consideration":[159],"gains":[164],"coming":[167],"conservative":[169],"societies":[170],"start":[171],"achieve":[173],"language":[177],"host":[180],"country":[181],"integrating":[184],"its":[186],"[1]":[188],"earlier":[190],"version":[191],"this":[193],"article":[194],"was":[195],"at":[197],"conference":[199],"Council":[203],"on":[204],"Multiculturalism":[205],"Intercultural":[207],"Education,":[208],"National":[211],"Race\u2010Free,":[212],"Bias\u2010Free":[213],"ECE":[214],"Network.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}