{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049232183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","title":"Polar Pixel Kalman Filter For Limited Data Computed Tomography (CT) Image Reconstruction","display_name":"Polar Pixel Kalman Filter For Limited Data Computed Tomography (CT) Image Reconstruction","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049232183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","mag":"2049232183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.958200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110066763","display_name":"Michael H. Buonocore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Buonocore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090746491","display_name":"William R. Brody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-075X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-075X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Brody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041785812","display_name":"Albert Macovski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Macovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024989516","display_name":"Sally L. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3152-610X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3152-610X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-9809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally L. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84297521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"0206","issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11205","display_name":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","score":0.05739999935030937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.028200000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-ct","display_name":"cardiovascular CT","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-reconstruction-from-projections","display_name":"image reconstruction from projections","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-reconstruction-technique","display_name":"algebraic reconstruction technique","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"shot noise","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-efficiency","display_name":"computational efficiency","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-artifacts","display_name":"image artifacts","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7466610670089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7124596238136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.582751452922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5793843269348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5453526377677917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5359818339347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5090786814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4799209535121918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4325551390647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.415676474571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21719056367874146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.958200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963942534","https://openalex.org/W3152264441","https://openalex.org/W2110527325","https://openalex.org/W239329881","https://openalex.org/W2413131166","https://openalex.org/W2034113005","https://openalex.org/W1511561107","https://openalex.org/W4240101166","https://openalex.org/W2798530110","https://openalex.org/W7096880588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"cardiovascular":[1],"computed":[2],"tomography":[3],"(CT)":[4],"requires":[5],"image":[6,43,221,249,270,363],"reconstruction":[7,245,271,294,364],"from":[8,62,272],"a":[9,46,66,85,193,247,251,359],"limited":[10,27,104,218],"set":[11],"of":[12,55,79,136,139,186,210,246,253,269,281,288,310,330,358,377],"projections.":[13],"Deterministic":[14],"methods":[15,213,226,287],"using":[16,45,84,214,236,250],"convolution":[17],"back":[18],"projection":[19,254,299],"algorithms":[20,295,345],"have":[21],"not":[22],"been":[23,34,264],"suitable":[24],"for":[25,52,101,123,200,217,324,362],"these":[26,337,344],"data":[28,63,128,219,300],"cases.":[29],"An":[30],"alternative":[31],"approach":[32],"has":[33,263],"formulated":[35],"to":[36,81,132,162,178,181,224,228],"find":[37],"the":[38,77,133,140,147,164,201,207,225,243,267,285,331,356,368,375],"minimum":[39],"mean":[40,118],"squared":[41,119,370],"error":[42,120],"estimate":[44],"Kalman":[47,92,112,141,202,211],"filter":[48,93,113,142],"with":[49,96,115,348,398],"polar":[50,187,215],"pixels":[51,80,191,216],"two-dimensional":[53,248],"reconstructions":[54],"both":[56,124],"simulated":[57,127],"phantoms":[58],"and":[59,83,106,126,129,172,197,304,323,379],"real":[60,125,155],"objects":[61,156],"obtained":[64],"on":[65],"rotate":[67],"only":[68,145],"CT":[69,220],"scanner.":[70],"Computation":[71],"time":[72],"was":[73,94,143,151,160],"minimized":[74],"by":[75,168,257],"limiting":[76],"number":[78],"120":[82],"rotationally":[86],"symmetric":[87],"(polar)":[88],"pixel":[89,170],"structure.":[90],"The":[91,111,184],"compared":[95],"Algebraic":[97],"Reconstruction":[98],"Technique":[99],"(ART)":[100],"full":[102],"view,":[103,105],"missing":[107],"view":[108],"measurement":[109,165,381],"sets.":[110,382],"performed":[114],"consistently":[116],"lower":[117],"than":[121,189,395],"ART":[122],"rapidly":[130],"converged":[131],"theoretical":[134],"limit":[135],"resolution.":[137],"Performance":[138],"optimized":[144],"if":[146],"system":[148],"noise":[149,180,311],"(error)":[150],"adequately":[152],"characterized.":[153],"When":[154],"were":[157],"scanned":[158],"it":[159],"necessary":[161],"include":[163],"errors":[166],"introduced":[167],"finite":[169,173],"width":[171,175],"beam":[174],"in":[176,195,266,367,374],"addition":[177],"Poisson":[179],"achieve":[182],"optimality.":[183],"use":[185,357],"rather":[188],"rectangular":[190],"provided":[192],"reduction":[194],"computation":[196,289],"storage":[198],"requirements":[199],"filter.":[203],"This":[204],"study":[205],"demonstrates":[206],"potential":[208],"utility":[209],"filtering":[212],"reconstruction.":[222],"Common":[223],"used":[227,293],"create":[229],"cross-sectional":[230,282],"images":[231,347],"through":[232],"various":[233],"anatomic":[234],"structures":[235],"x-rays,":[237],"gamma":[238],"rays":[239],"or":[240],"ultrasound":[241],"is":[242,321,396],"mathematical":[244,286],"series":[252],"measurements":[255,275,314],"represented":[256],"line":[258,273],"integrals.":[259],"While":[260],"considerable":[261],"effort":[262],"expended":[265],"theory":[268],"integral":[274],"there":[276,306],"are":[277,290,301,307,315,339],"still":[278],"many":[279],"applications":[280],"imaging":[283,394],"where":[284],"inadequate.":[291],"Frequently":[292],"assume":[296],"that":[297,343,385],"(1)":[298],"symmetrically":[302],"arranged;":[303],"(2)":[305],"no":[308],"sources":[309],"(i.e.,":[312],"all":[313],"exact).":[316],"In":[317,351],"reality":[318],"neither":[319],"assumption":[320],"true,":[322],"certain":[325],"applications,":[326],"e.g.,":[327],"rapid":[328],"scanning":[329],"heart,":[332],"minimizing":[333],"patient":[334],"dose,":[335],"etc.,":[336],"assumptions":[338],"so":[340],"flagrantly":[341],"violated":[342],"produce":[346],"severe":[349],"artifacts.":[350],"this":[352,386],"paper":[353],"we":[354],"demonstrate":[355],"new":[360],"algorithm2":[361],"which":[365],"yields":[366],"least":[369],"sense":[371],"optimal":[372],"solutions":[373],"presence":[376],"noisy":[378],"asymmetric":[380],"Results":[383],"indicate":[384],"method":[387],"could":[388],"allow":[389],"more":[390],"accurate":[391],"cross":[392],"sectional":[393],"possible":[397],"conventional":[399],"methods.":[400]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}