{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049007693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","title":"The unifying role of the coarray in aperture synthesis for coherent and incoherent imaging","display_name":"The unifying role of the coarray in aperture synthesis for coherent and incoherent imaging","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049007693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","mag":"2049007693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/5.54811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073878784","display_name":"R.T. Hoctor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.T. Hoctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Moore Sch. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvannia Univ., PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moore Sch. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvannia Univ., PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113605057","display_name":"S.A. Kassam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.A. Kassam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Moore Sch. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvannia Univ., PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moore Sch. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvannia Univ., PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":473,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96658477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"735","last_page":"752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarray","display_name":"coarray","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture-synthesis","display_name":"aperture synthesis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-spread-function","display_name":"point spread function","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-imaging","display_name":"coherent imaging","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoherent-imaging","display_name":"incoherent imaging","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-arrays","display_name":"imaging arrays","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-mode-imaging","display_name":"reflection-mode imaging","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"beamforming","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"radar imaging","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar-imaging","display_name":"sonar imaging","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonography","display_name":"ultrasonography","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"seismology","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-astronomy","display_name":"radio astronomy","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69179731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510427","display_name":"Point spread function","level":2,"score":0.7257209420204163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6826057434082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5958060622215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5376698970794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5067134499549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125045340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002224","display_name":"Image formation","level":3,"score":0.4904496371746063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48203980922698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22094913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1961815","display_name":"Aperture synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4705398678779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4044523239135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.23882311582565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14449074864387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.13077855110168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12317079305648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1003800630569458}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/5.54811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.54811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48516161","https://openalex.org/W174642667","https://openalex.org/W225265453","https://openalex.org/W324143722","https://openalex.org/W329814896","https://openalex.org/W971821033","https://openalex.org/W1016696788","https://openalex.org/W1494482350","https://openalex.org/W1552072559","https://openalex.org/W1621835547","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1963909046","https://openalex.org/W1968287205","https://openalex.org/W1969387442","https://openalex.org/W1978318660","https://openalex.org/W1982657426","https://openalex.org/W1985041550","https://openalex.org/W1989545952","https://openalex.org/W1999849888","https://openalex.org/W2001602575","https://openalex.org/W2005303119","https://openalex.org/W2006115473","https://openalex.org/W2012125608","https://openalex.org/W2013122854","https://openalex.org/W2014238566","https://openalex.org/W2015849512","https://openalex.org/W2017141126","https://openalex.org/W2025737576","https://openalex.org/W2028199742","https://openalex.org/W2028653050","https://openalex.org/W2052268419","https://openalex.org/W2053078349","https://openalex.org/W2056042760","https://openalex.org/W2057830493","https://openalex.org/W2058873816","https://openalex.org/W2060605975","https://openalex.org/W2070386293","https://openalex.org/W2080959082","https://openalex.org/W2084227567","https://openalex.org/W2091416956","https://openalex.org/W2104970241","https://openalex.org/W2110429782","https://openalex.org/W2111887076","https://openalex.org/W2135244025","https://openalex.org/W2157373340","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2172070396","https://openalex.org/W2293000848","https://openalex.org/W2798368384","https://openalex.org/W2798506522","https://openalex.org/W3042394053","https://openalex.org/W4230982142","https://openalex.org/W4235166179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150802423","https://openalex.org/W2016167107","https://openalex.org/W2460389074","https://openalex.org/W2108204843","https://openalex.org/W971821033","https://openalex.org/W2074727232","https://openalex.org/W2139932062","https://openalex.org/W1620416948","https://openalex.org/W4312069077","https://openalex.org/W2092490071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"of":[1,13,15,21,78,92,115,118],"two-dimensional":[2],"(2-D)":[3],"imaging":[4,20,53,126,176],"arrays":[5],"and":[6,37,48,58,69,127,138],"apertures":[7,123],"are":[8],"considered":[9],"from":[10],"the":[11,19,61,66,70,74,79,90,93,101,113,116,168],"point":[12,75],"view":[14],"their":[16],"performance":[17],"in":[18,34,43,124,131,182],"spatially":[22],"incoherent":[23,125],"as":[24,26,40,42,46,98,100],"well":[25,41,99],"coherent":[27,133,183],"source":[28,67],"distributions.":[29],"Such":[30],"systems":[31,130],"find":[32],"applications":[33,44],"radar,":[35],"sonar,":[36],"ultrasound":[38],"imaging,":[39,134],"such":[45],"seismology":[47],"radio":[49],"astronomy.":[50],"For":[51],"linear":[52],"techniques":[54,146,177],"related":[55],"to":[56,107,158,178],"beamforming":[57],"based":[59],"on":[60],"Fourier":[62],"transform":[63],"relationship":[64],"between":[65],"distribution":[68],"aperture":[71,95,151,169],"plane":[72],"measurements,":[73],"spread":[76],"function":[77,86,149],"system":[80],"completely":[81],"characterizes":[82],"its":[83],"performance.":[84],"This":[85],"is":[87,110],"determined":[88],"by":[89],"geometry":[91],"physical":[94],"or":[96,150],"array":[97],"weighting":[102],"that":[103,112],"can":[104,153],"be":[105,154,179],"applied":[106],"measurements.":[108],"It":[109],"shown":[111],"introduction":[114],"concept":[117,163],"coarray,":[119],"both":[120],"for":[121,128,147],"receive":[122],"transmit/receive":[129],"reflection-mode":[132],"provides":[135],"a":[136],"convenient":[137],"elegant":[139],"framework":[140],"within":[141],"which":[142,172],"many":[143],"apparently":[144],"isolated":[145],"point-spread":[148],"synthesis":[152,170],"understood.":[155],"In":[156],"addition":[157],"this":[159],"unifying":[160],"role,":[161],"coarray":[162],"gives":[164],"new":[165,175],"insight":[166],"into":[167],"process,":[171],"allows":[173],"interesting":[174],"developed,":[180],"especially":[181],"imaging.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
