{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048847826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","title":"Italy must invest more in science and technology","display_name":"Italy must invest more in science and technology","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048847826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","mag":"2048847826","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18401382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/452685b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016319366","display_name":"Ivano Bertini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-2444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-2444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivano Bertini","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Center for Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Center for Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073550160","display_name":"Silvio K. Garattini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19630809","display_name":"Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05aspc753","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210110338","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio Garattini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mario Negri Institute, Milan, 20157, Italy","Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mario Negri Institute, Milan, 20157, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086124703","display_name":"Rino Rappuoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-254X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-254X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139938","display_name":"Novartis (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rcxhq50","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4210139938"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rino Rappuoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, via Fiorentina 1, Siena, 53100, Italy","Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, via Fiorentina 1, Siena, 53100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89708571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"452","issue":"7188","first_page":"685","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.6625999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.6625999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14487","display_name":"Science and Science Education","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-technology-investment","display_name":"science and technology investment","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding","display_name":"research funding","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italy","display_name":"Italy","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-science-policy","display_name":"government research policy","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.388150691986084}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007449","descriptor_name":"Investments","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/452685b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/452685b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18401382","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18401382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:452:y:2008:i:7188:d:10.1038_452685b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/452685b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987628711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016787722","https://openalex.org/W7112936589","https://openalex.org/W192620881","https://openalex.org/W2071897946","https://openalex.org/W2523634682","https://openalex.org/W4306721755","https://openalex.org/W1994234148","https://openalex.org/W2574044911","https://openalex.org/W4230643013","https://openalex.org/W4306776134"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
